39 Questions
What is the process by which leukocytes migrate towards the site of injury?
Chemotaxis
Which type of infection is characterized by a predominant presence of eosinophils?
Parasitic infection
What is the process by which leukocytes cross the endothelium of blood vessels?
Diapedesis
What is the function of opsonins in phagocytosis?
Coating the target for phagocytosis
What is the result of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation?
Phagocytosis of particles and production of substances that destroy microbes
What is the function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phagocytosis?
Killing and degradation of ingested material
What is the process by which leukocytes accumulate at the periphery of the vessels during acute inflammation?
Margination
What type of receptors on WBCs and endothelium facilitate rolling?
Selectins
What is the term for the process by which WBCs adhere to the surface of the endothelium and assume a flattened appearance?
Pavementing
Which molecules facilitate firm adhesion of WBCs to endothelial cells?
Integrins
What is the term for the process by which leukocytes migrate through the vessel wall by squeezing out at intercellular junctions?
Diapedesis
What type of molecules do WBCs use to degrade and cross the basement membrane during transmigration?
Collagenases
What is the primary function of the mechanisms that eliminate microbes and dead cells?
To protect normal tissues from damage
What is the role of proteolytic cleavage in plasma-derived mediators?
To activate inactive precursors
Which of the following is a newly synthesized chemical mediator?
Prostaglandins
What is the primary source of serotonin in the body?
Platelets only
What is the role of cell-derived chemical mediators?
To bring about cellular and vascular changes in acute inflammation
Which of the following is a function of azurophilic granules in neutrophils?
To contain enzyme myeloperoxidase
What is the primary function of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites?
Formation of eicosanoids through cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways
What is a common stimulus for the release of cell-derived mediators?
Direct physical or chemical injury
What is the function of Nitric Oxide (NO) in macrophages?
To kill microbes and tumor cells
What are the 'Master Cytokines'?
IL-1 and TNF
What is the function of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages?
To degrade elastin, collagen, and basement membrane
What is the function of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)?
To destroy phagocytosed microbes and necrotic cells
What is the primary function of Lipoxygenase pathway in cell-derived mediators?
To produce leukotrienes
Which of the following is a stimulus for releasing cell-derived mediators?
Binding of IgE to mast cells
What is the role of Cyclo-oxygenase pathway in cell-derived mediators?
To produce prostaglandins and thromboxane A2
What is the primary function of Elastase in macrophages?
To degrade elastin and basement membrane
What is the primary function of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in cell-derived mediators?
To stimulate the production of cytokines
Which of the following is a type of cell-derived mediator?
All of the above
What is the primary function of Prostacyclin in cell-derived mediators?
To inhibit platelet aggregation
What is the primary function of IL-1 in cell-derived mediators?
To stimulate the production of cytokines
What is the primary function of Cytokines in cell-derived mediators?
To stimulate the production of immune responses
What is the primary function of Nitric Oxide in macrophages?
To kill microbes and tumor cells
What is the primary function of Thromboxane A2 in cell-derived mediators?
Enhance platelet aggregation
Which of the following is NOT a 'Master Cytokine'?
IL-6
What is the primary function of Leukotrienes in cell-derived mediators?
Attract and activate leukocytes
What is the primary source of Cytokines in cell-derived mediators?
Activated macrophages and lymphocytes
What is the primary function of Nitric Oxide (NO) in macrophages?
Destroy phagocytosed microbes
Test your understanding of acute inflammation, including leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis, and cell-derived chemical mediators. Review the cellular events and processes involved in inflammation. Assess your knowledge of margination, rolling, and degradation.
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