Lecture 7

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What is the process by which leukocytes migrate towards the site of injury?

Chemotaxis (correct)

Diapedesis

Transmigration

Phagocytosis

Which type of infection is characterized by a predominant presence of eosinophils?

Fungal infection

Viral infection

Parasitic infection (correct)

Bacterial infection

What is the process by which leukocytes cross the endothelium of blood vessels?

Chemotaxis

Diapedesis (correct)

Transmigration

Phagocytosis

What is the function of opsonins in phagocytosis?

Coating the target for phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation?

Phagocytosis of particles and production of substances that destroy microbes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phagocytosis?

Killing and degradation of ingested material Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which leukocytes accumulate at the periphery of the vessels during acute inflammation?

Margination Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors on WBCs and endothelium facilitate rolling?

Selectins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which WBCs adhere to the surface of the endothelium and assume a flattened appearance?

Pavementing Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules facilitate firm adhesion of WBCs to endothelial cells?

Integrins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which leukocytes migrate through the vessel wall by squeezing out at intercellular junctions?

Diapedesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules do WBCs use to degrade and cross the basement membrane during transmigration?

Collagenases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mechanisms that eliminate microbes and dead cells?

To protect normal tissues from damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteolytic cleavage in plasma-derived mediators?

To activate inactive precursors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a newly synthesized chemical mediator?

Prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of serotonin in the body?

Platelets only Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cell-derived chemical mediators?

To bring about cellular and vascular changes in acute inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of azurophilic granules in neutrophils?

To contain enzyme myeloperoxidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites?

Formation of eicosanoids through cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways Signup and view all the answers

What is a common stimulus for the release of cell-derived mediators?

Direct physical or chemical injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Nitric Oxide (NO) in macrophages?

To kill microbes and tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'Master Cytokines'?

IL-1 and TNF Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages?

To degrade elastin, collagen, and basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)?

To destroy phagocytosed microbes and necrotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Lipoxygenase pathway in cell-derived mediators?

To produce leukotrienes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a stimulus for releasing cell-derived mediators?

Binding of IgE to mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cyclo-oxygenase pathway in cell-derived mediators?

To produce prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Elastase in macrophages?

To degrade elastin and basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in cell-derived mediators?

To stimulate the production of cytokines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of cell-derived mediator?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Prostacyclin in cell-derived mediators?

To inhibit platelet aggregation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IL-1 in cell-derived mediators?

To stimulate the production of cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cytokines in cell-derived mediators?

To stimulate the production of immune responses Signup and view all the answers