37 Questions
What is the definition of a psychological disorder?
A psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
What is psychopathology?
The scientific study of psychological disorders
What was the ideal number of patients in an institution for moral therapy to work effectively?
200 or fewer
What is the primary focus of the integrative approach to abnormal psychopathology?
Clinical assessment and diagnosis
What was the primary goal of reformers like Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix?
To promote more humane treatment of mentally ill individuals
What is the category of disorders that includes anxiety, trauma, and stressor-related disorders?
Anxiety, trauma, and stressor-related disorders
What is the primary focus of lesson 1?
Psychological disorders and their definitions
Why were asylums often located in rural areas?
To provide a more pleasant and restful environment
What was the focus of the mental hygiene movement?
Promoting humane treatment and care for mentally ill individuals
What is the term for a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning?
Psychological disorder
Who was a prominent advocate for reform in the treatment of the mentally ill in the United States?
Dorothea Dix
What was the primary benefit of having a smaller number of patients in an institution?
Allowing for more individual attention and care
What is the category of disorders that includes substance-related, addictive, and impulse-control disorders?
Substance-related, addictive, and impulse-control disorders
What was the prevailing view of mental disorders during the 1400s?
They were caused by demons and witches.
Who introduced more humane therapy and treatment in French mental institutions?
Philippe Pinel
What discovery in 1825 led to a significant change in the understanding of mental disorders?
The discovery of syphilis as a distinct mental disorder.
Who campaigned for more humane treatment in U.S. mental institutions?
Dorothea Dix
What ancient Greek physician suggested that psychological disorders have both biological and psychological causes?
Hippocrates
What was the significance of the discovery of penicillin in 1825?
It provided a cure for syphilis.
What was the prevailing view of mental disorders during the 1500s?
They were caused by an imbalance of bodily fluids.
What was the significance of Paracelsus' work?
He suggested that the moon and stars affect psychological functioning.
Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur
Who published The Interpretation of Dreams?
Sigmund Freud
What was John B. Watson's experiment with Little Albert about?
Conditioned fear
Who published The Behavior of Organisms?
B.F. Skinner
Who classified various psychological disorders from a biological point of view?
Emil Kraeplin
What was the year of the publication of the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-1)?
1946
What is the title of Anna Freud's publication?
Ego Mechanisms of Defense
What is the name of the inventory published in 1943?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
What was the name of the Greek concept that categorized people into four personality types based on bodily fluid imbalances?
Four Humors
Which of the following personality traits is associated with the phlegmatic type?
Apathy or calmness
Who is credited with originating the concept of moral therapy?
Philippe Pinel
What was the primary focus of Plato's approach to treating maladaptive behavior?
Social and cultural influences
What was the term 'moral' referring to in the context of moral therapy?
Emotional or psychological factors
What was the outcome of the reforms implemented by Philippe Pinel and Jean-Baptiste Pussin?
Miraculous results
What happened to the humane treatment of patients after the mid-19th century?
It declined due to a convergence of factors
What was the primary focus of Aristotle's approach to psychology?
Early learning and environment
Study Notes
Overview of Abnormal Psychopathology
- Abnormal psychopathology refers to the scientific study of psychological disorders.
- Psychological disorders are defined as psychological dysfunctions within an individual that are associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior
- In ancient Greece, Hippocrates (400 B.C.) suggested that psychological disorders have both biological and psychological causes.
- Galen (200 C.E.) proposed that normal and abnormal behaviors are related to four bodily fluids or humors.
- During the 1300s and 1400s, superstition and demonic possession were believed to be the causes of mental disorders.
- The enlightened view of insanity as a mental or emotional disorder began to emerge in the 1400s.
Biological Tradition
- Paracelsus (1500s) suggested that the moon and stars affect psychological functioning, rather than possession by the devil.
- Louis Pasteur (1870) developed the germ theory of disease, which helped identify the bacterium that causes syphilis.
Psychological Tradition
- Plato thought that the two causes of maladaptive behavior were social and cultural influences in one's life and learning.
- Aristotle emphasized the influence of social environment and early learning on later psychopathology.
- Moral therapy, a system that originated with Philippe Pinel and Jean-Baptiste Pussin, involved humane and positive psychological interventions, producing "miraculous" results.
Theories
- The humanistic theory emphasizes improving conditions within asylums and promoting compassionate care.
- Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud.
- The behavioral model was introduced by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner.
###Timeline of Significant Events
- 1793: Philippe Pinel introduces moral therapy and makes reforms in French mental institutions.
- 1825: Syphilis is identified as a distinct type of psychosis.
- 1848: Dorothea Dix campaigns for more humane treatment in U.S. mental institutions.
- 1900: Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
- 1913: Emil Kraeplin classifies various psychological disorders from a biological point of view.
- 1920: John B. Watson experiments with conditioned fear in Little Albert.
- 1943: The Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory is published.
- 1946: Anna Freud publishes Ego Mechanisms of Defense.
- 1950: The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-1) is published.
- 1980: DSM-III is published.
- 1987: DSM-III-R is published.
- 2000: DSM-IV is published.
- 2013: DSM-5 is published.
This quiz covers the integrative approach to abnormal psychology, including historical context, clinical assessment, and diagnosis of various disorders such as anxiety, trauma, and mood disorders.
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