Psychology Chapter: Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
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Psychology Chapter: Introduction to Abnormal Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Who treated the 'hysterical' Anna O. in 1895?

  • Ivan Pavlov
  • Josef Breuer (correct)
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Emil Kraepelin

    • What did Ivan Pavlov receive the Nobel Prize for in 1904?

  • His work on conditioned reflexes in humans
  • His work on the biology of psychological disorders
  • His work on the physiology of digestion (correct)
  • His work on psychoanalytic theory

    • What did Emil Kraepelin classify in 1913?

  • Different types of psychotherapy
  • Different conditioning techniques
  • Different types of personality
  • Various psychological disorders (correct)

    • Who experimented with conditioned fear in Little Albert?

    <p>John B. Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was published by B.F. Skinner in 1938?

    <p>The Behavior of Organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was published in 1943?

    <p>The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was developed in the 1950s for severe psychotic disorders?

    <p>Effective drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-I) published?

    <p>1952</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of clinical psychology?

    <p>Helping individuals with abnormal behavior to find better coping and adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that psychological disorders have both biological and psychological causes?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of psychology that deals with the systematic investigation of abnormal behavior?

    <p>Psychopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a person with a sanguine temperament?

    <p>Being generally optimistic and confident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of mental illnesses?

    <p>Psychiatry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a person with a choleric temperament?

    <p>Being easily angered or bad-tempered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is abnormal psychology?

    <p>The general branch of psychology that includes both psychopathology and clinical psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that normal and abnormal behaviors are related to four bodily fluids or humors?

    <p>Galen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the description of abnormal behavior in a cultural context?

    <p>A dysfunction associated with present distress and impairment in functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Philipppe Pinel known for?

    <p>Pioneering a humane psychological approach to psychiatric care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary approach of the Spiritistic Model?

    <p>A supernatural approach blaming remote or supernatural forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common treatment approach in the 17th century?

    <p>Institutionalization in asylums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the book written by Kramer and Sprenger in 1487?

    <p>The Witches' Hammer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Medical Model?

    <p>Biogenic malfunctioning within the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a mental disorder according to the DSM?

    <p>A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that determines the level of mental health of a person at any point in time?

    <p>Multiple social, psychological, and biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a hallmark of mental health according to the WHO?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of faulty perception?

    <p>Seeing things and hearing voices that are not present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with poor mental health?

    <p>Rapid social change, stressful work conditions, and unhealthy lifestyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a person with a mental disorder?

    <p>Behavior that leads to unhappiness rather than self-fulfillment and limits one’s ability to function in expected roles or to adapt to one’s environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of significant personal distress?

    <p>Intense feelings of distress that impair the individual’s ability to function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of a mental disorder?

    <p>A normal response to a real threat or loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperament type is associated with being kind, considerate, and highly creative?

    <p>Melancholic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the common view on mental disorders in the 1300s?

    <p>They were caused by demons and witches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced moral therapy and made French mental institutions more humane?

    <p>Philippe Pinel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the discovery of the bacterium that causes syphilis?

    <p>It led to the discovery of penicillin as a cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main characteristic of the Phlegmatic temperament?

    <p>They are calm and unemotional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed that insanity is the result of physical causes?

    <p>John P. Grey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Dorothea Dix's campaigns?

    <p>She campaigned for more humane treatment in US mental institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Abnormal Psychology

    • Abnormal psychology is a general branch in psychology that includes both psychopathology and clinical psychology.
    • It studies abnormal ways of helping people who are affected by psychological disorders.

    Branches of Psychology

    • Psychopathology: deals with the systematic investigation of abnormal behavior.
    • Clinical psychology: focuses on psychological knowledge and practice used in helping a person with abnormal behavior to find better coping and adjustment.
    • Psychiatry: a branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of mental illnesses.

    Timeline of Significant Events in Abnormal Psychology

    • 400 BC: Hippocrates suggests that psychological disorders have both biological and psychological causes.
    • 200 CE: Galen suggests that normal and abnormal behaviors are related to four bodily fluids or humors: Choleric, Sanguine, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic.
    • 1300s: Superstition runs rampant, and mental disorders are blamed on demons and witches; exorcisms are performed to rid victims of evil spirits.
    • 1400s: Enlightened view that insanity is caused by mental or emotional stress gains momentum, and depression and anxiety are again regarded by some as disorders.
    • 1400-1800: Bloodletting and leeches are used to rid the body of unhealthy fluids and restore chemical balance.
    • 1500s: Paracelsus suggests that the moon and the stars, not possession by the devil, affect people’s psychological functioning.
    • 1793: Philippe Pinel introduces moral therapy and makes French mental institutions more humane.
    • 1825-1875: Syphilis is differentiated from other types of psychosis in that it is caused by a specific bacterium; ultimately, penicillin is found to cure syphilis.
    • 1848: Dorothea Dix successfully campaigns for more human treatment in US mental institutions.
    • 1854: John P. Grey believes that insanity is the result of physical causes, thus de-emphasizing psychological treatments.
    • 1870: Louis Pasteur develops his germ theory of disease, which helps identify the bacterium that causes syphilis.
    • 1895: Josef Breuer treats the “hysterical” Anna O., leading to Freud’s development of Psychoanalytic Theory.
    • 1900: Sigmund Freud publishes “The Interpretation of Dreams”
    • 1904: Ivan Pavlov receives the Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion, which leads him to identify conditioned reflexes in dogs.
    • 1913: Emil Kraepelin classifies various psychological disorders from a biological point of view and publishes work on diagnosis.
    • 1920: John B. Watson experiments with conditioned fear in Little Albert, using a white rat.
    • 1930: Insulin shock therapy, electric shock treatments, and brain surgery begin to be used to treat psychopathology.
    • 1938: B.F. Skinner publishes “The Behavior of Organisms,” which describes the principles of operant conditioning.
    • 1943: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is published.
    • 1946: Anna Freud publishes “Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense”
    • 1950: The first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders are developed, and humanistic psychology gains acceptance.
    • 1952: The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-I) is published.
    • 1958: Joseph Wolpe effectively treats patients with phobias using systematic desensitization based on principles of behavioral science.
    • 1990s: Increasingly sophisticated research methods are developed, and no one influence – biological or environmental – is found to cause psychological disorders in isolation from the other.

    Definition of Normality and Abnormality

    • Failure in life tasks or inability to cope with society
    • Behavior that leads to unhappiness rather than self-fulfillment and limits one’s ability to function in expected roles or to adapt to one’s environments.
    • Significant personal distress caused by troublesome emotions, such as anxiety, fear, or depression.
    • Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality

    Mental Health and Mental Disorders

    • Mental health: a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and can contribute to his or her community.
    • Mental disorder: a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.

    Models Explaining Abnormal Behavior

    • Traditional models:
      • Spiritistic model: abnormal behavior is the product of remote or supernatural forces.
      • Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches’ Hammer): presents a comprehensive theory of behavior and is the standard guide to the diagnosis, behavior, trial, and punishment of witches for two centuries.
      • Philippe Pinel: father of modern psychiatry, instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the care of psychiatric patients.
    • Medical model: abnormal behavior is the result of some malfunctioning within the body.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the introduction to abnormal psychology, its history, and branches of psychology that study abnormal behavior. It's an essential topic for psychology students and researchers.

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