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Questions and Answers
What is the optimal patient condition for abdominal scanning?
fluid-filled gall bladder, minimum gas in the gastrointestinal tract, thin patient
Which organs are typically scanned during an abdominal and KUB scan?
Liver scanning involves longitudinal and transverse approaches for a comprehensive image.
True
Match the following components with their respective ultrasound protocol steps:
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What are some indications for performing abdominal scanning?
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The normal thickness of the gallbladder is less than _____ mm.
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To aid in visualizing the liver out from ribs, the patient may be asked to hold their ______.
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Which of the following is a standard optimal patient condition for abdominal scanning?
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The preferred transducer for liver scanning is the linear probe.
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Study Notes
Abdominal and KUB Scanning
- Indications for abdominal scanning:
- Abdominal pain (right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, epigastric, and pelvic)
- Abdominal trauma (evaluation for abdominal free fluid)
- Components of abdominal and KUB scanning:
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Spleen
- Renal
- Bladder
Optimum Patient Condition
- Fasting for 6 hours to reduce bowel gas and prevent gallbladder contraction
- Minimum gas in the gastrointestinal tract
- Thin patients are easier to examine than fat patients
Abdominal Organ Echogenicity
- K: kidneys (cortex)
- L: liver
- S: spleen
- P: pancreas
- D: diaphragm
Liver Scanning
- Patient preparation:
- Fasting for 6 hours
- Supine with the head of the bed flat
- Arm over the head
- Raise the clothing from above the waist and place towels under the shirt and into the waistband of the lower clothing
- Technical parameters:
- Transducer: Curvilinear ultrasound probe or phased array probe
- Linear probe for appendicitis and pediatric applications
- 3-3.5 MHz frequency
- Preset: Abdomen
- Ultrasound protocol:
- Longitudinal and transverse approaches
- Subcostal and intercostal approaches
- Identify the hepatic veins and their junction with the vena cava
- Measure craniocaudal liver size
- Image characteristics:
- Diaphragm, liver, and right kidney should be visualized
- Liver's parenchymal echogenicity and capsular contour are similar to renal cortex
- Normal liver size is < 16 cm at mid-clavicular line (5th intercostal space)
- Homogeneous parenchymal echogenicity
- Smooth capsule with a regular contour
Gallbladder Scanning
- Patient preparation:
- Fasting
- Left lateral decubitus position
- Technical parameters:
- Transducer: Curvilinear ultrasound probe or phased array probe
- Linear probe for appendicitis and pediatric applications
- Preset: Abdomen
- Ultrasound protocol:
- Position the probe in the epigastric midline (in the right upper quadrant just inferior to the costal margin)
- Identify the main portal vein in the long-axis
- Slide laterally along the costal margin to demonstrate the portal triad
- Evaluate the gallbladder and measure its thickness (normal < 3mm)
- Use color Doppler to distinguish the common bile duct from the hepatic artery
Spleen Scanning
- Technical parameters:
- Transducer: Curvilinear ultrasound probe or phased array probe
- Linear probe for appendicitis and pediatric applications
- Preset: Abdomen
- Ultrasound protocol:
- Place the probe in the 7th-8th intercostal space on the patient's left side
- Align the probe obliquely with the intercostal space to visualize the spleen and adjacent left kidney
- Measure the spleen in the craniocaudal dimension (normal < 11 cm)
Abdominal and KUB Scanning
- Indications for abdominal scanning:
- Abdominal pain (right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, epigastric, and pelvic)
- Abdominal trauma (evaluation for abdominal free fluid)
- Components of abdominal and KUB scanning:
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Spleen
- Renal
- Bladder
Optimum Patient Condition
- Fasting for 6 hours to reduce bowel gas and prevent gallbladder contraction
- Minimum gas in the gastrointestinal tract
- Thin patients are easier to examine than fat patients
Abdominal Organ Echogenicity
- K: kidneys (cortex)
- L: liver
- S: spleen
- P: pancreas
- D: diaphragm
Liver Scanning
- Patient preparation:
- Fasting for 6 hours
- Supine with the head of the bed flat
- Arm over the head
- Raise the clothing from above the waist and place towels under the shirt and into the waistband of the lower clothing
- Technical parameters:
- Transducer: Curvilinear ultrasound probe or phased array probe
- Linear probe for appendicitis and pediatric applications
- 3-3.5 MHz frequency
- Preset: Abdomen
- Ultrasound protocol:
- Longitudinal and transverse approaches
- Subcostal and intercostal approaches
- Identify the hepatic veins and their junction with the vena cava
- Measure craniocaudal liver size
- Image characteristics:
- Diaphragm, liver, and right kidney should be visualized
- Liver's parenchymal echogenicity and capsular contour are similar to renal cortex
- Normal liver size is < 16 cm at mid-clavicular line (5th intercostal space)
- Homogeneous parenchymal echogenicity
- Smooth capsule with a regular contour
Gallbladder Scanning
- Patient preparation:
- Fasting
- Left lateral decubitus position
- Technical parameters:
- Transducer: Curvilinear ultrasound probe or phased array probe
- Linear probe for appendicitis and pediatric applications
- Preset: Abdomen
- Ultrasound protocol:
- Position the probe in the epigastric midline (in the right upper quadrant just inferior to the costal margin)
- Identify the main portal vein in the long-axis
- Slide laterally along the costal margin to demonstrate the portal triad
- Evaluate the gallbladder and measure its thickness (normal < 3mm)
- Use color Doppler to distinguish the common bile duct from the hepatic artery
Spleen Scanning
- Technical parameters:
- Transducer: Curvilinear ultrasound probe or phased array probe
- Linear probe for appendicitis and pediatric applications
- Preset: Abdomen
- Ultrasound protocol:
- Place the probe in the 7th-8th intercostal space on the patient's left side
- Align the probe obliquely with the intercostal space to visualize the spleen and adjacent left kidney
- Measure the spleen in the craniocaudal dimension (normal < 11 cm)
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Description
This quiz covers the indications for abdominal and KUB scanning, including right and left upper and lower quadrant pain, related to various medical conditions. It is useful for medical students and professionals.
