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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum normal diameter of the small bowel according to the 3, 6, 9 rule?
What is the maximum normal diameter of the small bowel according to the 3, 6, 9 rule?
Which type of fluoroscopy contrast is used for evaluating the small bowel mucosa?
Which type of fluoroscopy contrast is used for evaluating the small bowel mucosa?
What is the best radiological modality for evaluating the cause of bowel obstruction?
What is the best radiological modality for evaluating the cause of bowel obstruction?
In a suspected case of colon cancer, which radiological finding is specific to the diagnosis?
In a suspected case of colon cancer, which radiological finding is specific to the diagnosis?
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What is the normal diameter of the large bowel in a horizontal X-ray in the supine position?
What is the normal diameter of the large bowel in a horizontal X-ray in the supine position?
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What is the main disadvantage of fluoroscopy in evaluating abdominal pathologies?
What is the main disadvantage of fluoroscopy in evaluating abdominal pathologies?
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Which imaging technique is considered safe in pregnancy and provides excellent soft tissue details for diagnosing abdominal solid organ lesions?
Which imaging technique is considered safe in pregnancy and provides excellent soft tissue details for diagnosing abdominal solid organ lesions?
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What does the presence of air fluid levels in the large bowel suggest?
What does the presence of air fluid levels in the large bowel suggest?
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What type of contrast is used to assess bowel perforation?
What type of contrast is used to assess bowel perforation?
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What does free air under the diaphragm indicate?
What does free air under the diaphragm indicate?
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Which imaging technique is excellent in evaluating extra-luminal lesions but uses radiation?
Which imaging technique is excellent in evaluating extra-luminal lesions but uses radiation?
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What is a relative contraindication for MRI?
What is a relative contraindication for MRI?
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Which imaging technique reveals specific characteristics of the small bowel and liver in X-ray imaging?
Which imaging technique reveals specific characteristics of the small bowel and liver in X-ray imaging?
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What type of studies are used to assess the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel, and rectum?
What type of studies are used to assess the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel, and rectum?
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What is the main advantage of X-ray in diagnosing free air in the abdomen?
What is the main advantage of X-ray in diagnosing free air in the abdomen?
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What does the color grey represent in X-ray interpretation?
What does the color grey represent in X-ray interpretation?
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What is a major disadvantage of X-ray in abdominal imaging?
What is a major disadvantage of X-ray in abdominal imaging?
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When is the presence of air in X-rays considered normal?
When is the presence of air in X-rays considered normal?
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What is an indication for using X-ray in abdominal imaging?
What is an indication for using X-ray in abdominal imaging?
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What does white color represent in X-ray interpretation?
What does white color represent in X-ray interpretation?
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What is a contraindication for using X-ray in abdominal imaging?
What is a contraindication for using X-ray in abdominal imaging?
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What is an advantage of X-ray in diagnosing bowel obstruction?
What is an advantage of X-ray in diagnosing bowel obstruction?
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What does black color represent in X-ray interpretation?
What does black color represent in X-ray interpretation?
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What is a major disadvantage of using X-ray for pregnant patients?
What is a major disadvantage of using X-ray for pregnant patients?
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Study Notes
◎ Stomach: usually contains air, normal diameter is 3cm in a horizontal X-ray ◎ Small bowel: contains a small amount of air in 2 or 3 loops, normal diameter is 3cm in a horizontal X-ray ◎ Large bowel: contains air in the rectum and sigmoid, with varying amount of gas in the rest of the large bowel, normal diameter is 6cm in a horizontal X-ray for the caecum and 6cm and 9cm for the large bowel in the supine and standing position, respectively ◎ X-ray and fluoroscopy: same but fluoroscopy provides real-time moving video of internal tissues ◎ Fluoroscopy: advantage is excellent in evaluating the bowel lumen and mucosa, disadvantage is radiation and poor in evaluating extra-luminal pathologies ◎ Indications for fluoroscopy: assessing the mucosal outline, abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux, pregnancy, bowel obstruction, bowel perforation with barium type of contrast ◎ Barium swallow, meal, follow through, and enema: different types of studies used to assess the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel, and rectum ◎ Barium enema: indicates colon mass/malignancy with an apple core appearance, CT scan, multiple X-rays, and oral contrast are used for diagnosis ◎ CT scan: indicates soft tissue details, excellent in diagnosing extra-luminal lesions, and diagnosing the cause of bowel obstruction, but it uses radiation and is relatively expensive ◎ MRI: safe in pregnancy, gives much more soft tissue details, and is excellent in diagnosing abdominal solid organ lesions, but it is expensive and requires a long scanning time ◎ Indications for MRI: diagnosing abdominal solid organ masses, sensitive to motion, and inflammatory bowel disease, but it is a relative contraindication in early pregnancy and renal failure without IV contrast. ◎ X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT scan, and MRI: have different indications and contraindications for abdominal imaging. ◎ Gravity affects the distribution of air in the stomach and the large bowel. ◎ The oral contrast reveals the specific characteristics of the small bowel and the liver in X-ray imaging. ◎ Air fluid levels in the large bowel suggest the presence of intestinal obstruction. ◎ Free air under the diaphragm indicates perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. ◎ Barium is not recommended for use in suspected leaks or bowel preparations due to its strong effect on the protein cavity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on radiology modalities used in abdominal imaging, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract. Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each modality, as well as their indications and contraindications. Explore normal abdomen appearance and common pathologies such as pneumoperitoneum, peptic ulcer, bowel obstruction, and inflammatory bowel disease.
