Exam 2

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What is the primary purpose of the Oral Arguments in the Supreme Court process?

To allow justices to debate the legal principles among themselves

To determine the margin by which a decision will be made

To provide a formal presentation of each party's case to the court (correct)

To establish the precedence of previous rulings

Which term describes a Supreme Court decision where at least 5 justices agree with the legal reasoning?

Majority (correct)

Plurality

Concurring

Unanimous

What was the implication of the ruling in Barron v. Baltimore?

Only the first amendment rights are protected from state infringement

The Bill of Rights was intended only to restrict state governments

The Bill of Rights applies to both federal and state governments (correct)

The Supreme Court can intervene in state laws based on federal rights

What does the Incorporation Doctrine achieve through the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause?

It extends most rights in the Bill of Rights to state and local governments Signup and view all the answers

When was the first federal law declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court?

Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857 Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Dissenting Opinion within the Supreme Court's rulings?

It represents the views of justices who disagree with the majority Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Supreme Court in Judicial Review?

To nullify acts of government deemed unconstitutional Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Concurring Opinion in a Supreme Court decision?

A statement by justices who agree with the decision but for different reasons Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Brown v Board of Education case?

It mandated that schools be desegregated completely. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Jim Crow laws?

To establish wholesale segregation in the South. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 establish regarding discrimination?

Private discrimination was ruled legal. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the case Sweatt v Painter in the context of segregation?

It demonstrated that separate facilities were often inferior. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'DeJure' segregation refer to?

Segregation that is enforced by law. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main strategy employed by Thurgood Marshall in his legal efforts?

To challenge segregation through a series of legal stages. Signup and view all the answers

What event was sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat?

The Montgomery Bus Boycott. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the Supreme Court ruling that police in Miami cannot stop and frisk based only on an anonymous tip?

Preventing widespread police harassment. Signup and view all the answers

What rights were denied to Escobedo, leading to the overturning of his conviction?

Rights under the 5th and 6th Amendments. Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark case established the Miranda Rule requiring police to inform suspects of their rights?

Miranda v. Arizona Signup and view all the answers

What amendment established the right to counsel for indigent defendants?

6th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

Which state has had the most executions from 1977 to April 2016?

Texas Signup and view all the answers

Which Supreme Court decision ruled that states could not execute mentally disabled defendants?

Virginia v. Atkins Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the Supreme Court ruling in Roper v. Simmons?

States can execute individuals at least 18 years old at the time of crime. Signup and view all the answers

What are considered negative freedoms in the context of individual liberties?

Protection from governmental regulation. Signup and view all the answers

Which constitutional amendment explicitly prohibited slavery?

13th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What key feature is included in the 14th Amendment related to civil liberties?

Establishment of the Due Process Clause. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered seditious speech?

Speech that encourages rebellion against the government. Signup and view all the answers

What case established that New York must respect freedom of speech to the same extent as the national government?

Gitlow v New York (1925) Signup and view all the answers

Which Supreme Court case recognized that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment?

Roth v United States (1957) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule regarding child pornography in Ferber v New York (1982)?

It is obscene and not protected by the First Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'symbolic speech' refer to?

Nonverbal expressions that convey a message. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of New York Times v United States (1971), what was the issue at stake?

Prior restraint and the freedom of the press. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Supreme Court's stance on the censorship rights of the children's press compared to the adult press in Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier (1988)?

Children's press has fewer rights than the adult press. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Supreme Court ruling in Ashcroft v Free Speech Coalition (2002)?

It affirmed that virtual child pornography is protected by the First Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents 'obscenity' as defined by the Supreme Court?

Speech that lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the New York Times v Sullivan case regarding libel?

A higher standard for public officials to prove malice. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the Lemon Test?

It requires a law to have a secular purpose and not to entangle with religion. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Free Exercise Clause primarily differentiate between?

Belief and practice. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome resulted from Reynolds v United States regarding polygamy?

It outlawed polygamy and reinforced government authority. Signup and view all the answers

What does the exclusionary rule prohibit?

Admission of illegally obtained evidence in court. Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Supreme Court incorporate the establishment clause?

Everson v Board of Education. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Due Process Clause?

To guarantee a fair legal process for individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion is NOT part of the Lemon Test?

The law must not include religious instruction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding libel?

Published material that damages reputation can be deemed libelous. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when there is no 'Wall of Separation' in the Constitution?

The Constitution does not explicitly mention the separation of church and state. Signup and view all the answers