Exam 2 Lipids Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is cholesterol specifically classified as?

a steroid

Which hormones are made from cholesterol?

estradiol and testosterone

Which of the following characteristics is not true for saturated fats?

  • They have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
  • They are usually derived from animal sources.
  • They tend to dissolve in water easily. (correct)
  • They are solids at room temperature.

    • Which fat has the least number of hydrogen atoms?

    <p>unsaturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of what are phospholipids important components?

    <p>the plasma membrane of animal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structure of a steroid?

    <p>four fused hydrocarbon rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides its use in hormone production, for what does the body use cholesterol?

    <p>production of bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four classes of lipids and what is an example of each?

    <p>lipids like margarine, wax like the coating on feathers, phospholipids like cell membrane constituents, steroid like cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have trans fats been banned from some restaurants?

    <p>They increase LDL amounts and are produced by the hydrogenation of oil that makes it more saturated and isomerized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it about the structure of fatty acids that gives them their physical characteristics?

    <p>Unsaturated fats and trans fats have some double bonded carbon atoms, while saturated fats do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In phospholipids, glycerol backbone is attached to two fatty acid molecules and one phosphate group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fats have predominantly saturated fatty acids and oils have predominantly unsaturated fatty acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Omega 3 is an essential fatty acid because it is not synthesized by the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unsaturated fatty acids can exist in cis and trans configuration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cis fatty acids have kinks and are major constituents of liquid oils.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fats can be hydrogenated to form saturated fatty acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LDL is bad cholesterol and HDL is good cholesterol.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Waxes are a class of lipids that constitute long chain alcohols esterified to long chain fatty acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facilitated diffusion is still a passive transport.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipids in animals can be of only four types.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Triglycerides have fatty acids esterified with glycerol backbone, and phospholipids are triglycerides where one fatty acid chain is replaced by a phosphate group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choline, ethanol amine, serine, and inositol are four organic molecules that are attached to phosphate group in the phospholipids and only serine is negatively charged, others are neutral.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cholesterol and Hormones

    • Cholesterol is classified as a steroid.
    • Estradiol and testosterone are hormones derived from cholesterol.

    Characteristics of Fats

    • Saturated fats are incorrectly believed to dissolve easily in water.
    • Unsaturated fat has the least number of hydrogen atoms compared to other fats.

    Phospholipids

    • Phospholipids are crucial components of the plasma membrane in animal cells.
    • Their structure consists of a glycerol backbone linked to two fatty acids and one phosphate group.

    Lipid Classes

    • Lipids can be categorized into four classes:
      • Fats (e.g., margarine)
      • Waxes (e.g., coating on feathers)
      • Phospholipids (e.g., cell membrane constituents)
      • Steroids (e.g., cholesterol)

    Trans Fats

    • Trans fats are created by hydrogenating oils, increasing saturation and isomerization, leading to higher LDL levels.
    • Some restaurants have banned trans fats due to health concerns.

    Fatty Acid Structures

    • The difference in physical characteristics among triglycerides is due to the structure of their fatty acids.
    • Unsaturated and trans fats contain double bonds in their carbon chains, while saturated fats do not.

    Fats and Oils

    • Fats predominantly contain saturated fatty acids whereas oils contain predominantly unsaturated fatty acids.

    Essential Fatty Acids

    • Omega-3 fatty acids are essential as the body cannot synthesize them.

    Configurations of Fatty Acids

    • Unsaturated fatty acids can exist in both cis and trans configurations, with cis forming kinks that contribute to their state as liquid oils.

    Hydrogenation

    • Saturated fats can undergo hydrogenation to become saturated fatty acids.

    Cholesterol Types

    • LDL is classified as "bad" cholesterol and HDL as "good" cholesterol.

    Waxes

    • Waxes consist of long-chain alcohols esterified to long-chain fatty acids, differing from triglycerides where fatty acids are linked to glycerol.

    Transport Mechanisms

    • Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport.

    Types of Phospholipids

    • Major phospholipid types in animals include:
      • Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)
      • Phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEth)
      • Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer)
      • Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)

    Triglycerides and Phospholipids

    • Triglycerides consist of fatty acids esterified with a glycerol backbone, while phospholipids have one fatty acid replaced with a phosphate group.

    Organic Molecules in Phospholipids

    • Four organic molecules attached to the phosphate group in phospholipids include choline, ethanolamine, serine, and inositol. Only serine possesses a negative charge, with the others being neutral.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on lipids with these flashcards. This quiz covers key definitions, classifications, and characteristics of various lipids, including cholesterol and fatty acids. Perfect for exam preparation!

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