24.7 Evaluating Kidney Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the catheter placed in peritoneal dialysis?

  • To introduce the dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity (correct)
  • To administer medication to the patient
  • To remove waste products from the blood
  • To monitor the patient's vital signs

    • How often does a patient typically undergo hemodialysis treatment?

  • Daily
  • Twice a week
  • Three to four times a week (correct)
  • Once a week

    • What is the purpose of the dialysis machine used in hemodialysis?

  • To administer medication to the patient
  • To filter the patient's blood and remove waste products (correct)
  • To introduce the dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity
  • To monitor the patient's vital signs

    • What is the primary benefit of the recent development in kidney transplants where the kidney is removed through the umbilicus?

    <p>It decreases the donor's recovery time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the transplanted kidney typically located in the body?

    <p>In the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>To transfer the harmful waste products from the blood into the dialysis fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>To measure the kidney's ability to filter out unwanted substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the renal plasma clearance of a substance is lower than the GFR, what can we infer about that substance?

    <p>The substance is reabsorbed by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the concentration of inulin in urine is 125 mg/mL, the volume of urine is 1 mL/min, and the concentration of inulin in plasma is 1 mg/mL, what is the normal adult glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>125 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is normally produced within the body that may be measured to estimate the glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Inulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the renal plasma clearance of a substance and the glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>The renal plasma clearance is equal to the GFR if the substance is neither reabsorbed nor secreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal plasma clearance of urea, and how does it compare to the normal GFR of 125 mL/min?

    <p>The renal plasma clearance of urea is 70 mL/min, which is lower than the normal GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>To assess the effectiveness of kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is used to measure GFR, and why is it suitable for this purpose?

    <p>Inulin, because it is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate GFR?

    <p>GFR = (U * V) / P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial concentration of inulin injected into the subject's blood plasma for the GFR test?

    <p>1 mg/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurements are required to calculate GFR using the given formula?

    <p>Concentration of inulin in urine, volume of urine produced, and concentration of inulin in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor kidney function, especially in cases of kidney disease?

    <p>To monitor the body's ability to eliminate wastes and regulate concentrations of various substances in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering immunosuppressant drugs after a kidney transplant?

    <p>To prevent the body's immune system from rejecting the transplanted kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the transplanted kidney placed near the urinary bladder?

    <p>To minimize the length of the ureter required for the bladder connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to determine the renal plasma clearance of a medication?

    <p>To calculate the optimal dosage and frequency of administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring creatinine clearance in clinical practice?

    <p>To approximate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the diseased kidney not removed during a kidney transplant?

    <p>The reason is not explicitly stated in the provided text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the replacement kidney attached to establish a vascular connection?

    <p>The inferior abdominopelvic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal plasma clearance value for glucose in a healthy individual?

    <p>0 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substances that are filtered and secreted have renal plasma clearance values higher than the GFR?

    <p>Because additional amounts of the substance are secreted into the tubular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal plasma clearance value of creatinine?

    <p>140 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of renal failure?

    <p>Autoimmune conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do destroyed kidney structures not regenerate or begin functioning again?

    <p>Due to the inability of kidney cells to reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal plasma clearance of glucose in a healthy individual?

    <p>0 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substances that are filtered and secreted have renal plasma clearance values higher than the GFR?

    <p>Because additional amounts of the substance are secreted into the tubular fluid and excreted in the urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal plasma clearance value for creatinine?

    <p>$140 \text{mL/min}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of renal failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering immunosuppressant drugs after a kidney transplant?

    <p>To prevent the body from rejecting the transplanted kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor kidney function, especially in cases of kidney disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the catheter placed in peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>To introduce the dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the recent development in kidney transplants where the kidney is removed through the umbilicus?

    <p>It reduces the donor's recovery time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does a patient typically undergo hemodialysis treatment?

    <p>Three or four times a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the transplanted kidney typically located in the body?

    <p>In the abdominal cavity, near the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?

    <p>Peritoneal dialysis allows the patient to remain mobile during the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering immunosuppressant drugs after a kidney transplant?

    <p>To prevent the body from rejecting the transplanted kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>To assess the overall kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the renal plasma clearance of a substance is lower than the GFR, what can be inferred about that substance?

    <p>The substance is reabsorbed by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is normally produced within the body and can be measured to estimate the GFR?

    <p>Creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the concentration of inulin in urine is 125 mg/mL, the volume of urine is 1 mL/min, and the concentration of inulin in plasma is 1 mg/mL, what is the normal adult glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>125 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the renal plasma clearance of a substance is equal to the GFR, what can be inferred about that substance?

    <p>The substance is neither reabsorbed nor secreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal plasma clearance of urea, and how does it compare to the normal GFR of 125 mL/min?

    <p>70 mL/min, lower than the GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to its properties of being freely filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted in the kidney?

    <p>Inulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on the concentrations of inulin in urine and plasma, and the volume of urine produced per minute?

    <p>$GFR = UP/V$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule is inulin used for measuring glomerular filtration rate, as it is a polysaccharide derived from plants and has specific properties suitable for this test?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose for measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in individuals?

    <p>To assess kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of inulin makes it ideal for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by ensuring that what is filtered is equal to what is excreted in the urine?

    <p>Filtration in kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does measuring the renal plasma clearance of a substance provide information about?

    <p>The amount and timing of drug dosages required to maintain therapeutic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is creatinine clearance used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical practice?

    <p>Creatinine clearance avoids the need to inject inulin into the patient's blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the diseased kidney not removed during a kidney transplant?

    <p>The transplanted kidney is expected to take over the functions of the diseased kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the renal plasma clearance of a substance is higher than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), what can be inferred about that substance?

    <p>The substance is actively secreted by the renal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering immunosuppressant drugs after a kidney transplant?

    <p>To prevent the body from rejecting the transplanted kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the transplanted kidney placed near the urinary bladder?

    <p>To minimize the length of the ureter needed for the bladder connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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