18th Century Children's Literature and Philosophy
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Questions and Answers

What role did Puritans play in the development of children's literature during the 18th century?

Puritans were the first to produce literature for children in a specific and sustained way, focusing on religious and didactic texts to spread their teachings.

What is the main idea of John Locke's concept of 'Tabula Rasa'?

Locke's concept of 'Tabula Rasa' suggests that humans are born as a blank slate, emphasizing that knowledge is acquired through experience and observation.

According to John Locke, what relationship exists between a healthy body and a healthy mind in the context of children's education?

Locke believed that a healthy body is essential for a healthy mind, advocating for outdoor activity as part of children's education.

What educational strategies did John Locke recommend for teaching children effectively?

<p>Locke recommended teaching by example rather than strict rules, using praise, and making reading enjoyable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did children's literature change by the end of the 17th century, according to the provided content?

<p>By the end of the 17th century, children's literature evolved into a commodity that became widely available, driven by changing attitudes towards childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did John Newbery play in children's literature?

<p>John Newbery was the first to systematically publish children's books in England, establishing children's publishing as a profitable business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did 'A Little Pretty Pocket Book' combine learning and play?

<p>The book connected games with moral lessons and rules for life, emphasizing fun alongside learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main theme of 'The History of Little Goody Two Shoes'?

<p>The theme revolves around the journey of Margery, who learns through experience and emphasizes the importance of education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique approach did Sarah Fielding take in 'The Governess' regarding girls' education?

<p>Fielding focused on moral and educational stories, showing girls needing to be educated similarly to boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What philosophical ideas did Jean-Jacques Rousseau promote regarding the nature of children?

<p>Rousseau believed that man is born naturally good and that children's natural state should be celebrated and preserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 'Emile', what approach does Rousseau suggest for educating children?

<p>Rousseau advocates for education that allows children to grow naturally, emphasizing experience and observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influence did Thomas Day's philosophy share with Rousseau's ideas?

<p>Like Rousseau, Day emphasized how hardships can positively shape individuals through their natural experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Mary Wollstonecraft's criticism of Rousseau's view on female education?

<p>Wollstonecraft criticized Rousseau for promoting an image of female education that led to submissiveness and weakness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'The History of Sandford and Merton' contribute to the idea of natural education?

<p>It illustrates how experiences in the natural environment shape moral character and personal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the tutor considered essential in children's education according to Rousseau?

<p>The tutor plays a crucial role in guiding children through their education, fostering their natural goodness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the title 'The Governess' in Fielding's work?

<p>The title signifies the focus on a woman's role in educating young girls, reflecting an uncommon perspective at the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the educational philosophy that connects Locke’s ideas with the structure of children's literature.

<p>Locke's philosophy emphasized moral education through practical examples, reflected in narratives designed to teach children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Rousseau mean by 'negative education'?

<p>Negative education refers to protecting children from harmful knowledge and societal influences that corrupt their natural goodness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did children's literature in the 18th century reflect the social ideas of the time?

<p>Children's literature often presented moral lessons and educational themes that resonated with contemporary social reform ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

18th Century Children's Literature

Children's literature started being commercially produced and sold.

John Locke

Philosopher known for ideas on knowledge and education, lived 1632-1704.

Tabula Rasa

The concept that humans are born as a blank slate, shaped by experiences.

Empiricism

The belief that knowledge comes from experience and observation.

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Some Thoughts Concerning Education

John Locke's work emphasizing practical education and outdoor activity for children.

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Role of Tutors

Tutors should educate children and serve as good examples.

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John Newbery

Pioneer in children's book publishing in England, known for combining books with toys.

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A Little Pretty Pocket Book

A children's book linking games with moral lessons, published by Newbery in 1744.

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The History of Little Goody Two Shoes

An influential 1765 children's book featuring Margery's journey and moral education.

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Sarah Fielding

An author focused on girls' education, best known for 'The Governess'.

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The Governess

A 1749 novel emphasizing moral education for girls through examples.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher who believed in the natural goodness of man and that children should be educated without restraints.

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Emile

Rousseau's work detailing education from infancy to adulthood with a focus on natural growth.

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Negative Education

Rousseau's approach to keep children away from harmful knowledge.

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Thomas Day

An advocate of Rousseau's ideas; emphasized nature in education through hardships.

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Critic of Rousseau's views on female education, advocating for women's rights.

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Children as Individuals

The notion that education should cater to the unique needs of each child.

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Importance of Play

Play is essential for learning and education in children, promoted by various educators.

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Moral Education

Teaching children moral values through stories and examples.

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Aptronyms

Names that reflect a character's traits or moral qualities in literature.

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Study Notes

18th Century Children's Literature

  • Children's literature transitioned from a primarily religious/didactic format to a commercial product.
  • Changing attitudes towards childhood influenced the content.

John Locke

  • (1632-1704) English philosopher.
  • Rejected innate ideas, saw humans as a blank slate (tabula rasa).
  • Believed in empiricism (knowledge from experience).
  • Advocated for learning through experience and reflection.
  • Emphasized education's importance for children's development.
  • Advocated for healthy minds in healthy bodies, outdoor activities, and avoiding harsh treatment.
  • Children learn best through example, not strict rules.
  • Encouraged the use of praise and creating enjoyable learning experiences.
  • Prioritized education for good citizenship, emphasizing individual needs.

John Newbery

  • (1713-1767) English publisher.
  • Established children's publishing as a profitable business.
  • A disciple of Locke with a focus on teaching moral lessons in an engaging manner.
  • Pioneered children's literature in England, connecting play/games with moral values.

A Little Pretty Pocket Book (1744)

  • A significant children's work that combined entertainment and education.

The History of Little Goody Two Shoes (1765)

  • A formative children's book.
  • Provided a sustained narrative, demonstrating learning through experience and action.
  • Reflected Locke's ideas about childhood development, and the importance of reading and play.
  • Margery embodies learning from experience.
  • The book emphasized the role of literacy and the cycle of tutoring.

Sarah Fielding

  • (1710-1768) English novelist, focusing on girl's education.
  • Her work expanded upon Locke's emphasis on education for everyone (girls as well)
  • Focused on moral education through examples (exempla).
  • Used aptronyms in her novels (names that reflected character traits and morals).
  • Showed social critiques on girlhood behaviour.
  • Championed rational engagement as a form of learning.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  • (1712-1778) Swiss philosopher.
  • A prominent figure in the Enlightenment.
  • Viewed the natural man as inherently good, influenced by society's corruption.
  • Advocated for children to develop naturally, without constraints.
  • Emphasized early education should cultivate natural goodness and learning through experience.

Emile (1762)

  • Rousseau's treatise on child development.
  • Emphasized a focus on nature-based education and learning in physical environments.
  • Advocated for the use of negative education and experience-based learning for children.
  • Education should promote natural development and preserve a child's goodness.

Thomas Day

  • (1748-1789) Supporter of Rousseau's ideas, focused on the negative impact of societal corruption on children, advocating for experience-based education.
  • His work highlighted hardship and experience as a means for individual growth.

Mary Wollstonecraft

  • (1759-1797) Self-educated English writer and philosopher.
  • Criticized social constraints on female development.
  • Argued for education that fostered strength and intelligence in girls, critiquing Rousseau's limited views on female education.

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Description

Explore the evolution of children's literature in the 18th century, focusing on the shift from religious texts to commercial works. Learn about influential figures like John Locke and John Newbery, and their contributions to children's education and literature.

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