Y7_Chapter 1_Specialised cell_organisation.pdf

Learning outcomes: 1.4.1 Recognise and name specialised animal and plant cells. 1.4.2 State the function of specialised cells (limited to red blood cells, neurones, ciliated cells, root hair cells and palisade cells) 1.4.3 Explain how the structure of these specialised cells helps them to c...

Learning outcomes: 1.4.1 Recognise and name specialised animal and plant cells. 1.4.2 State the function of specialised cells (limited to red blood cells, neurones, ciliated cells, root hair cells and palisade cells) 1.4.3 Explain how the structure of these specialised cells helps them to carry out their functions (limited to red blood cells, neurones, ciliated cells, root hair cells and palisade cells) 1.5.1 Arrange the cell organisation from simplest to the most complex. 1.5.2 Recognise and name human organs in different organ system. What are these? Human erythrocytes/ red blood cells (RBCs)  Human erythrocytes/ red blood cells (RBCs) RBC WBC (neutrophil) What are these? Reproductive cells What are these? Neurones (nerve cells)  Specialised cells What are specialised cells? A specialised cell is a cell that ❏ Most cells share features such as having a nucleus, a cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria. is adapted for a certain ❏ There are differences between cells, too. Each type of cell, has its own job to do. function. ❏ Many cells are specialised. They have structures (special features) that are adapted for their function/ specific task.  7 ACD Specialised animal cells -adaptations in animal cells reproductive ciliated Smooth cells nerve cell red blood cells white blood cells epithelial muscle cells cells Type of Function(s) Special features animal cell Nerve cells To carry nerve impulses ❏ Connections at each end (neurones) to different parts of the ❏ Carry electrical signals body ❏ Long to help carry these signals quickly 7 CTM Type of animal cell Function(s) Special features Red blood cells To carry ❏ Contains haemoglobin (a substance that traps oxygen) oxygen which combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin. ❏ Biconcave disc shape increases its surface area, so that it can absorb oxygen quickly. ❏ Does not contain a nucleus which increases the volume of haemoglobin in the cell. White blood cells Helps protect ❏ Flexible shape allowing it to squeeze into different parts our body from of the body. diseases ❏ It finds and destroys invading cells by: a. produces antibodies or b. eats the harmful microorganisms.  Ciliated epithelial cells Cell Function(s) Special features Ciliated Push and ❏ Cilia - tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the cell. The hairs epithelial move mucus sweep mucus and trapped dust cells from one place ❏ Epithelial cells - cells that line the surface of structures. to another ❏ Eg. Ciliated epithelial cells in the throat. ❏ Dust in air trapped in the mucus of the throat lining ❏ Cilia carry the dust trapped in mucus away from lungs (facilitates the removal of foreign particles and debris from the lung.) ❏ These cells are full of mitochondria, which provide a steady supply of the ATP that powers the cilia on their upper surface.  Smooth muscle cells Type of Function Special features animal cell Smooth Help food to Form muscular tissues around wall of muscle move oesophagus, stomach and intestines. cells through the Arranged in layers at right angles to alimentary each other - contract and relax -> moves canal food The spindle shape of the mononucleated smooth muscle cell permits a close contact among cells Specialised plant cells -adaptations in plant cells Root hair cell pollen grain palisade cells Type of Function(s) Special features plant cell Root hair To absorb water and ❏ Large surface area - water can be cells minerals from the soil. taken up easily. cross-section through a leaf Type of Function(s) Special features plant cell Palisade To absorb ❏ Lots of chloroplasts cells sunlight for ❏ arranged closely together so that a lot of photosynthesis light energy can be absorbed. Type of Function(s) Special features plant cell Pollen Fertilisation of ❏ Pollen grains are tiny and light grain egg cell. ❏ Thick cell wall to protect the cell's content. Contains genetic ❏ eg.Pine pollen grain has two tiny wing that information make it even slightest breeze can allow them to travel great distances  Learning outcomes: 1.4.1 Recognise and name specialised animal and plant cells. 1.4.2 State the function of specialised cells (limited to red blood cells, neurones, ciliated cells, root hair cells and palisade cells) 1.4.3 Explain how the structure of these specialised cells helps them to carry out their functions (limited to red blood cells, neurones, ciliated cells, root hair cells and palisade cells) 1.5 Arrange the cell organisation from simplest to the most complex. Cells to organism Cells that Different Organs perform the tissues form organ Different same function group systems organ are grouped together to which carry systems into tissue. form an out the form an organ. seven life organism. processes. 7GTD-28/4 Leaf is an organ, made up of different tissues