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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ciliated epithelial cells?

To produce antibodies

To facilitate movement of food

To push and move mucus (correct)

To provide structural support

Which feature is characteristic of white blood cells that assists in their function?

They have a flexible shape (correct)

They form muscular tissues

They contain cilia for movement

They line the surface of structures

What is the role of the mitochondria in ciliated epithelial cells?

To power the movement of cilia (correct)

To trap dust particles

To produce antibodies

To provide nutrients to the cells

What is a function of smooth muscle cells in the digestive system?

To help food move through the digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

How do ciliated epithelial cells aid in respiratory health?

By trapping and removing foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of root hair cells in plants?

To absorb water and minerals from the soil Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of palisade cells?

Lots of chloroplasts arranged closely Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for fertilization in plants?

Pollen grains Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of root hair cells facilitate their function?

They have a large surface area for water absorption. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the arrangement of smooth muscle cells?

Arranged in layers at right angles Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature allows pollen grains to travel great distances?

Tiny wings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the organization of cells in living organisms?

Tissues are grouped into organs that form organ systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary function of ciliated cells?

Moving mucus and trapped particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To carry oxygen to different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized cell is responsible for carrying nerve impulses?

Neurones Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of red blood cells aids in their function?

Biconcave disc shape Signup and view all the answers

How are ciliated cells adapted for their function?

They possess tiny hair-like structures for movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a feature of neurones?

They have connections at each end Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is specialized for absorbing water and minerals from the soil?

Root hair cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organ do red blood cells primarily interact with for oxygen uptake?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

From simplest to most complex, which list correctly orders levels of cell organization?

Cell, Tissue, Organ, System Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Specialised Cells Overview

Specialised cells are adapted to perform specific functions within an organism, differing from general cells.
Examples include red blood cells, neurones, ciliated cells, root hair cells, and palisade cells.

Specialised Animal Cells

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- Function: Transport oxygen in the bloodstream.
- Structure: Biconcave disc shape enhances surface area for oxygen absorption; lacks a nucleus increasing haemoglobin volume.
Neurones
- Function: Transmit nerve impulses throughout the body.
- Structure: Long extensions to quickly carry electrical signals; connected at each end for efficient communication.
Ciliated Epithelial Cells
- Function: Move mucus and trap dust in the respiratory tract.
- Structure: Cilia (hair-like structures) on the surface sweep away mucus; high mitochondria content provides energy for ciliary movement.
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
- Function: Protect the body against diseases.
- Structure: Flexible shape allows movement through tissues; can produce antibodies or engulf pathogens.
Smooth Muscle Cells
- Function: Move food through the digestive tract.
- Structure: Spindle shape allows contraction and relaxation, forming muscular tissues around organs like the stomach and intestines.

Specialised Plant Cells

Root Hair Cells
- Function: Absorb water and minerals from the soil.
- Structure: Large surface area enhances water uptake efficiency.
Palisade Cells
- Function: Conduct photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight.
- Structure: High density of chloroplasts arranged closely to maximize light absorption.
Pollen Grains
- Function: Facilitate fertilization of egg cells.
- Structure: Tiny and lightweight for easy dispersal; thick walls protect genetic material.

Cell Organisation

Cells conduct specific operations, then group into tissues.
Tissues combine to form organs.
Organs work together in organ systems, ultimately forming an organism.
Hierarchical organization progresses from cells to organisms, with each level depending on the previous one for function and survival.