Lecture 1: Occupational Therapy Practice Framework PDF

Summary

This document provides an introductory lecture on the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) for occupational therapy students. It discusses frameworks, guidelines, and the relationship between human skills and the surrounding environment, covering daily occupations.

Full Transcript

· Fundamentals of occupational therapy I Lecture 1 : (OTPF) occupational therapy practice framework Done by : Mays bani Mohammad & Huthaifa Attal...

· Fundamentals of occupational therapy I Lecture 1 : (OTPF) occupational therapy practice framework Done by : Mays bani Mohammad & Huthaifa Attal & TheraHandsTeam ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪Occupational Therapy Framework I‬‬ ‫‪(OTPF) : Occupational therapy practice‬‬ ‫‪framework‬‬ ‫' ‪(ICF) : International classification of functioning‬‬ ‫‪disability and health‬‬ ‫رح نحكي بهاد اللكتشر عن ال )‪ : (ICF) & (OTPF‬وهي عابرة عن ‪ frameworks‬و الغرض‬ ‫منها تحطلي ‪ guidelines‬كيف نشتغل و بتعطيني فكرة عن عالقة االنسان باملهارات يلي‬ ‫بكتسبها و عالقت هاي املهارات بالبيئة املحيطة و اشي اسمه ‪ The daily occupations‬يلي‬ ‫هي الوظائف اليومية يلي بقوم فيها االنسان زي القيادة او املشي او الكتابة الخ…‬ ‫‪OTPF‬‬ ‫‪ICF‬‬ ‫‪Contextual‬‬ ‫‪factors‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪International Classification of Functioning,‬‬ ‫)‪Disability and Health (ICF‬‬ ‫‪ Created by the World Health Organization and endorsed by all 191‬‬ ‫‪members in 2001.‬‬ ‫— منظمة الصحة العاملية انشأت هاد ال ‪. framework‬‬ ‫‪ A classification of health and health-related domains. These domains‬‬ ‫‪are classified from the body, individual and societal perspectives (World‬‬ ‫‪Health Organization, 2001).‬‬ ‫— تعريف ال ‪ICF‬‬ ‫‪ #‬تعتبر ال ‪ ICF‬اداة بتساعدك تفهم كيف العوامل الصحية بتاثر على حياة الناس و كيف‬ ‫البيئة املحيطة ممكن تساعد هدول الناس ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ #‬مصطلح ال ‪ Domain‬بمثل مجموعه من الفئات يلي بتشمل جوانب مختلفة مثل الصحة و‬ ‫العمل و القيام بالوظائف اليومية و من خالل هاي ال ‪ domains‬بقدر اعرف كيف حياة الفرد‬ ‫و تفاعله مع البيئة الخارجية‪.‬‬ ‫…………………………………………‬ ‫‪ #‬يلي بميز هاد النظام عن غيره ) ‪( ICF & OTPF‬من انظمة التقييم الطبية انه بحط بعني‬ ‫االعتبار ايش بشتغل الشخص و شو الوظائف يلي بقوم فيها و ايش البيئة املحيطة فيه و مكان‬ ‫عمله … و ليس فقط تقييم وظائف و اعضاء الجسم نفسه ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Since an individual’s functioning and disability occurs in a context, the‬‬ ‫‪ICF also includes a list of environmental factors.‬‬ ‫‪ #‬يحتوي ال ‪ ICF‬على عوامل بيئية مثل بيئة املباني و الدعم املجتمعي و مواقف الناس و كل‬ ‫هاذا باثر على وظائف الفرد و االصابة يلي عنده‬ ‫‪ It provides a standard language and a conceptual basis for the‬‬ ‫‪definition and measurement of health and disability.‬‬ ‫‪ #‬ال ‪ ICF‬بوفر مصطلحات و لغة محددة و قياسات للصحة و لالصابه لتعزيز التواصل و‬ ‫النقاش بني االطباء و املختصني و ايضا لتجنب االخطاء‬ ‫هاد الحكي ينطبق فقط على ال ‪ ICF‬اما‬ ‫ال ‪ OTPF‬مخصص للمعالجني الوظيفيني‬ ‫‪-‬‬ T ICF (Cont.) Emphasizes ‘health’ and ‘disability’ in a new way. ‫ بشكل مختلف‬disability ‫ بعرض مفهوم ال‬ICF ‫ ال‬# Every human being can experience a decrement in health (impairment) and thereby experience some degree of disability. ‫ كل االشخاص معرضني ملواجهة مشاكل صحية او اصابات تؤدي العاقة ولو بدرجة بسيطة‬# (physical disability) ‫ االعاقات الجسدية فقط‬disability‫ليس املقصود ب‬ ‫ممكن تكون‬ physical disability sensory disability (‫) فقدان حاسة اللمس مثال‬ psycho social disability cognitive disability (‫) قدرات عقلية‬ Disability is not something that only happens to a minority of humans. ‫ االعاقة ليست شيئا ً يحدث فقط لعدد قليل من الناس‬# ICF thus ‘mainstreams’ the experience of disability and recognizes it as a universal human experience. ً ‫ وليس شيئ ًا خا‬،‫ ( يعتبر اإلعاقة جزًءا طبيعًيا ومشترًكا من تجربة كل إنسان‬ICF) ‫ تصنيف‬#.‫صا بفئة معينة‬ ICF (Cont.) By shifting the focus from cause to impact it places all health conditions on an equal footing ‫ مشان نقدر نعطي اهمية لجميع الحاالت الصحية … الزم نغير بدل ما نركز على سبب املرض نركز على‬# ‫تاثيره على حياة الشخص املصاب‬ ICF takes into account the social aspects of disability not only as a ‘medical’ or ‘biological’ dysfunction. ‫ بل يأخذ في االعتبار أيضا ً الجوانب االجتماعية‬،‫ ال ينظر فقط لإلعاقة كخلل طبي أو بيولوجي‬ICF ‫ ال‬#.‫لحياة الشخص‬ - ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪ By including Contextual Factors, the ICF allows the evaluation of the‬‬ ‫‪impact of the environment on the person’s functioning.‬‬ ‫‪ #‬من خالل اضافة العوامل البيئية ‪ ،‬بنقدر باستخدام ال ‪ ICF‬تقييم كيف تؤثر البيئة املحيطة على‬ ‫قدرة الشخص على القيام بمهامه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ICF Diagram‬‬ ‫)‪(Disorder or disease‬‬ ‫‪Impairment‬‬ ‫‪Limitation‬‬ ‫‪Restriction‬‬ ‫‪Contextual‬‬ ‫‪factors‬‬ ‫ ‪ :health condition‬ببساطة بصير في ‪) health condition‬حالة صحية ( اصابة او اعاقة سواء‬ ‫كانت اعاقة عصبية ‪ ،‬جسدية ‪ ،‬ادراكية و الخ…‬ ‫*** فهاي الحالة الصحية بتاثر عال ال ‪ body structure‬مثال ال ‪ upper extremity‬سواءا كان‬ ‫عضالت او عظام او اعصاب الخ…‬ ‫*** و بالتالي بتاثر ال ‪) body function‬وظيفة الجسم (‬ ‫مثال ‪ :‬مريض اصيب بحادث و صار عنده كسر بالرسغ )‪(body structure)… (wrist‬‬ ‫و بسبب هاي االصابة صار في محدودية بحركة اليد او الرسغ … )‪(body function‬‬ ‫*** فبالتالي بتتاثر ال ‪) Activities‬النشاطات يلي بنقوم فيها بحياتنا اليومية … الكتابة ‪ ،‬املشي ‪،‬‬ ‫االكل ‪ ،‬استخدام الحمام ‪ ،‬ارتداء املالبس و الى اخره …(‬ ‫بعدين بتاثر ال ‪ participation‬و هو )عمل نشاط معني في بيئة معينة(‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫الفرق بني ال ‪ activity‬و ال ‪: participation‬‬ ‫‪#‬ال ‪ activity‬اشي بتسويه لحالك او بعزلة عن الناس‬ ‫‪#‬اماال ‪ participation‬فهو اداء ال ‪ activity‬في بيئة معينة بني الناس‬ ‫مثال ‪ :‬املشي اذا اخدناه كفعل مجرد من دون معنى او هدف فهاذا ‪activity‬‬ ‫انا اذا كان في هدف من املشي يعني انا بمشي مشان اروح للمدرسة او للمكتبة او للنادي‬ ‫فهذا يعتبر ‪participation‬‬ ‫ببساطة اكثر … ملا تعمل معنى لل ‪ activity‬بصير ‪participation‬‬ ‫*** النقطة االخيرة ‪ :‬املميز بال ‪ ICF‬انه بحط بعني االعتبار ال ‪ contextual factors‬و هاي هي‬ ‫العوامل يلي بتأثر على ال ‪ activity‬و يقسموا الى قسمني‬ ‫‪: environmental factors …1‬‬ ‫العادات و التقاليد مثال‬ ‫‪: personal factors … 2‬‬ ‫في فرق بني تقديم العالج لالطفال و كبار السن ‪ ،‬السمني و النحيف‬ ‫الخ…‬ ‫ هاد الجدول بوضحلي كيفية تاثير ال ‪) context‬مثل العوامل البيئية ‪ ،‬االجتماعية ‪ ،‬الشخصية( على اداء و سلوك‬ ‫االنسان ‪ ،‬و كل نموذج من هدول الخمسة بشرح بطريقة مختلفة كيف يتفاعل الشخص مع بيئته و كيف بتاثر على‬ ‫ادائه اليومي ضروري تحفظوا كلمات مفتاحية من كل نموذج ممكن يجي عليه سؤال باالمتحان‬ ‫‪-‬‬ T Occupational Therapy Framework Official document of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). Presents a summary of interrelated concepts that define and guide occupational therapy practice. Developed to express occupational therapy’s contribution to promoting the health of individuals and communities. : ‫** اطار العالج الوظيفي هو‬ ‫ وثيقة رسمية من جمعية العالج الوظيفي االمريكية‬ ‫ يتضمن ملخصا للمفاهيم املهمة التي توجه و تعرف كيفية ممارسة العالج الوظيفي‬ ‫ تم تطوير هذا االطار هو توضيح كيف يمكن للعالج الوظيفي ان يساهم في تحسني صحة االفراد و املجتمعات‬ four editions: 1st edition was printed in 2002. 6 ‫( كل‬OT framework) ‫يتم تحديث اطار العالج الوظيفي‬ 2nd edition in 2008. ‫سنوات‬ 3rd edition in 2014. 2020 ‫ و اخر تحديث كان عام‬2002 ‫** طُبع اول اطار سنة‬ 4th edition and most recent in 2020. Revisions are intended to refine the document and include language and concepts relevant to current and emerging OT practice. ‫ تضمن هذه املراجعات و التحديثات أن يبقى إطار العمل محدًثا ومالئًما ملتطلبات وممارسات العالج الوظيفي الحالية‬.‫واملستقبلية‬ Recipients of OT Services Occupational therapy is provided to clients. Clients may be categorized as: ‫ يتم تقديم خدمات العالج الوظيفي للعمالء و ممكن نصنفهم كالتالي‬ 1. Persons, including families, caregivers, teachers, employers, and relevant others 2. Organizations, such as businesses, industries, or agencies 3. Populations within a community, such as refugees, veterans who are homeless, and people with chronic health disabling conditions ‫ املوظفني و آخرون‬، ‫ املعلمني‬، ‫ مقدمي الرعاية‬، ‫ من ضمنهم العائالت‬: ‫األشخاص‬ ‫ الصناعات و الوكاالت‬، ‫ مثل الشركات‬: ‫املنظمات‬ ‫ و االشخاص الذين يعانون من حاالت صحية و‬، ‫ املحاربني القدامى الذين بال مأوى‬، ‫ الالجئني‬: ‫السكان في املجتمع‬ ‫معوقه‬ - T Occupational Therapy Framework Sections The Framework is divided into two major sections: (1)The OT Domain (2)The OT Process the dynamic occupation-based and client- centered Outlines the profession’s scope and the areas in which process used in the delivery of occupational therapy members have an established body of knowledge and expertise services (core values, knowledge, and skills to assist clients ). ‫ هي الطريقة التي يتبعها املعالجون الوظيفيون لتقديم خدماتهم و تتميز هذه‬ ‫العملية بال الديناميكة و مرتكزة على النشاط و تتمحور حول العميل‬ ‫ يركز هذا الجزء على القيم‬.‫ هو الجزء الذي يوضح نطاق عمل املعالجني الوظيفيني‬ ‫ املهارات و كيفية استخدامها لتحقيق افضل النتائج للعمالء‬، ‫ املعرفة‬، ‫االساسية‬ Occupational Profile Identify the following: Why is the client seeking services, and what are the client's current concerns relative to engaging in occupations and in daily life activities? In what occupations does the client feel successful, and what barriers are affecting their success in desired occupations? What is the client's occupational history (i.e., life experiences)? What are the client's values and interests? What aspects of their contexts (environmental and personal factors) does the client see as supporting engagement in desired occupations, and what aspects are inhibiting engagement? How are the client's performance patterns supporting or limiting occupational performance and engagement? What are the client's patterns of engagement in occupations, and how have they changed over time? What client factors does the client see as supporting engagement in desired occupations, and what aspects are inhibiting engagement (e.g., pain, active symptoms)? What are the client's priorities and desired targeted outcomes related to occupational performance, prevention, health and wellness, quality of life, participation, role competence, well-being, and occupational justice? Analysis of Occupational Performance The analysis of occupational performance involves one or more of the following: Synthesizing information from the occupational profile to determine specific occupations and contexts that need to be addressed Completing an occupational or activity analysis to identify the demands of occupations and activities on the client Selecting and using specific assessments to measure the quality of the client's performance or performance deficits while completing occupations or activities relevant to desired occupations, noting the effectiveness of performance skills and performance patterns Selecting and using specific assessments to measure client factors that influence performance skills and performance patterns Selecting and administering assessments to identify and measure more specifically the client's contexts and their impact on occupational performance. Synthesis of Evaluation Process This synthesis may include the following: Determining the client's values and priorities for occupational participation Interpreting the assessment data to identify supports and hindrances to occupational performance Developing and refining hypotheses about the client's occupational performance strengths and deficits Considering existing support systems and contexts and their ability to support the intervention process Determining desired outcomes of the intervention Creating goals in collaboration with the client that address the desired outcomes Selecting outcome measures and determining procedures to measure progress toward the goals of intervention, which may include repeating assessments used in the evaluation process. Intervention Plan Develop the plan, which involves selecting Objective and measurable occupation-based goals and related time frames; Occupational therapy intervention approach or approaches, such as create or promote, establish or restore, maintain, modify, or prevent; and Methods for service delivery, including what types of intervention will be provided, who will provide the interventions, Performance Performance and which service delivery approaches will be used. Occupations Contexts Client Factors Consider potential discharge needs and plans. Patterns Skills Make recommendations or referrals to other professionals as needed. Intervention Implementation Activities of daily living Environmental factors Habits Motor skills Values, beliefs, Select and carry out the intervention or interventions, which may include the following: (ADLs) Process skills and spirituality Therapeutic use of occupations and activities Instrumental activities Routines Interventions to support occupations Education Personal Training of daily living (IADLs) factors Roles Social Body functions AdvOcacy Self-advocacy Health management interaction skills Body structures Rituals Group intervention Rest and sleep Virtual interventions. Monitor the client's response through ongoing evaluation and reevaluation. Education Intervention Review Reevaluate the plan and how it is implemented relative to achieving outcomes. Work Modify the plan as needed. Play Determine the need for continuation or discontinuation of services and for referral to other services. Leisure Social participation Outcomes Select outcome measures early in the occupational therapy process (see the "Evaluation" section of this table) on the basis of their properties: Valid, reliable, and appropriately sensitive to change in clients' occupational performance Consistent with targeted outcomes Congruent with the client's goals Able to predict future outcomes. Use outcome measures to measure progress and adjust goals and interventions by Comparing progress toward goal achievement with outcomes throughout the intervention process and Assessing outcome use and results to make decisions about the future direction of intervention (e.g., continue, modify transition, discontinue, provide follow-up, refer for other service). THE END -

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