World Literature Midterm Reviewer PDF

Storytelling preserves history by sharing past experiences INDIA Samsara the soul is reborn into a new body after death Aryans Caucasian Sanskrit Animism ○ worship nature (moon, sun storm, fire) arrived around 2000 B.C., Indians Hinduism 85% of indians, other...

Storytelling preserves history by sharing past experiences INDIA Samsara the soul is reborn into a new body after death Aryans Caucasian Sanskrit Animism ○ worship nature (moon, sun storm, fire) arrived around 2000 B.C., Indians Hinduism 85% of indians, other religion ( Buddhist, Sikhs, Jians, Muslim and Christians) Hindu and English language Dravidians LITERARY GEMS Vedas, the early epics Mahabharata and the Ramayana; the Indian drama, Natyashastra; the Sanskrit drama, Shakuntala by Kalidasa Panchantantra - Fable Gitanjali - Devotion Vedas Sacred scriptures of India Rig Veda (1000 hymns) ○ expressing the yearning for unity with the divine. Samaveda Yajurveda Atharvaveda Upanishads Brahman (ultimate reality) Discovering the real self, man achieves freedom The intellect fails in the conception of Truth or Reality Samsara ○ the soul is reborn into a new body after death Trinity of Hindu Gods ○ Brahma the Creator ○ Vishnu the Preserver ○ Shiva the Destroyer Hindu Poetry Lyrical in nature, often recited in communal gatherings. Preserve ancient hymns and encourage creative expression. Mahabharata Author Vyasa “Fifth Veda” Divided into 18 books Conflict between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, during the epic war of Kurukshetra. Longest epic poems Ramayana Author Valmiki narrates the life of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his loyal companion Hanuman These epics are secondary scriptures and encyclopedia of knowledge INDIAN DRAMA 4 BASIC TYPES Nataka ○ Epic-based ○ Mahabarata and Ramayana ○ Puranas poetic tales about the gods Vishnu and Shiva. Prakaranas ○ Domestic life of mortals Prahsanas ○ Farces ○ Mocking societal hierarchies. Yatra ○ Religious entertainment ○ Travelling bards escapades of God Krishna Sanskrit Drama Established by three dramaists: ○ Bahsa ○ Sudraka ○ Kalidasa chief representative of mythological Sanskrit drama Shakuntala - lovely poetry, playfulness, and uninterrupted humor Great triumvirates of major Sanskrit dramatists ○ Kalidasa ○ Bhavaduti ○ Harsha Rasa poem connects with your own experiences or emotions that many people could share. Rabindranath Tagore is a prominent figure in modern Indian drama. CHINA Oldest and richest civilizations Ancient city of Nara First permanent capital Chou Dynasty Golden age of philosophy 3 Great philosophers ○ Lau Tzu ○ Mencius ○ Confucius Han Period Chinese called themselves Sons of Han Tang Dynasty Tu Fu "God of Poetry" Li Po's “Plot Fairy” Shin Ching or Book of Odes A collection of ancient lyrics, Shin Ching or Book of Odes Five Classics 1. The Book of Changes 2. The Book of History 3. The Book of Poetry (Three hundred poems of the Chou Period) 4. The Book of Rites 5. The Spring and Autumn Annals, (a history of the state of Lu) Four Books Analects: sayings of Confucius on ethics and morality Great Learning: focuses on self-cultivation and governance Doctrine of the Mean: emphasizes balance and harmony Mencius: explores human nature and moral development JAPAN Japanese poetry Focuses on nature and the transient beauty of life Wars, chaos and bloodshed are never used as themes JAPAN LITERARY FORMS Tanka (31-syllabled poem)​  Haiku (17-syllabled poem)​ Noh (lyrical play) and the Kabuki (classical play)​ Manyoshu (collection of one thousand Leaves) Lady Murasaki Shikibu Author of "Genji Monogatari" THE HAIKU Haiki meaning “light-hearted” or “free verse” Basho is known for haiku 5-7-5 syllables in three lines makes one aware of nature JAPANESE DRAMATURGY Dengaku which originally associated with planting and harvesting festivities Noh of No Drama formal and uses masks Japanese Husbands Elite classified into five (5) ○ god plays ○ warrior-ghost plays ○ women play ○ plays of insanity ○ demon plays.​ Kabuki caters to the needs of the populace Performed by men PHILIPPINES 2 surviving epics of the Philippines Biag ni Lam-ang ilocano epic ○ Pedro Bukaneg, known as the Father of Ilocano Poetry. ○ 300 stanza Indarapatra at Sulayman maranao epic ○ A Maranao epic depicting the struggle against invaders.