21st Century Literature: Asian & Middle Eastern Literature PDF

st 21 Century Literature From the Philippines and the World Lesson 01 Asian Literature: Indian & Middle-Eastern  Lesson Objectives 01 02 03 Familiarize all the Appreciate the Accomplish all the literary pieces in...

st 21 Century Literature From the Philippines and the World Lesson 01 Asian Literature: Indian & Middle-Eastern  Lesson Objectives 01 02 03 Familiarize all the Appreciate the Accomplish all the literary pieces in value of literature given task. Asia. in different parts of Asia. What is Asian Literature? It refers to the study of literary works in the different parts of Asia. What is Asian Literature? Literature in the Eastern Hemisphere chronicles the history of civilizations, as religion, war, and politics shaped Asian societies, and literature prospered to mirror these developments. What is Asian Literature? The literature of Asia is a rich collection of stories that both reflects the beliefs, culture, and feelings of the people.  Indian Literature INDIA India is the vast land in Southern Asia, extending from the Himalayan mountains south to the tip of a great peninsula that reaches from out into the Indian Ocean. India is known as the “Land of Prayer.” MAP OF ASIA INDIAN LITERATURE  Roots of Indian Literature 1. Sanskrit The term “Sanskrit” came from two words – “Sam” (entirely) and “krit” (done). It is regarded as the ancient language in Hinduism. It was used as a means of communication and dialogue by the Hindu Celestial gods, and then by the Indo-Aryans.  Roots of Indian Literature 2. Rig Veda Made up of hymns in praise of gods. The hymns are strong, energetic religious expressions comparable to the old testament psalms.  Roots of Indian Literature 3. Upanishad In Sanskrit, it means sitting at the teacher’s feet. Written between 700 and 400 BCE. It is primarily concerned with spiritual enlightenment.  Roots of Indian Literature 4. Ramayana One of the most important epic of India. It is about the reincarnation of the creator god (Vishnu) in the person of Rama (the hero of epic).  Roots of Indian Literature 5. Mahabharata It is the longest and greatest epic in the world. It deals with the other reincarnation of Vishnu in the person of Krishna (god of destruction).  Indian Writers 1. Bhasa The first great name in Indian drama. The founding father of Indian drama.  Indian Writers Thirteen Plays - Pratijnayaugandharayana - Svapnavasavadatta - Carudatta - Pancaratra -Madhyamavyayoga -Pratima-nataka -Dutavakya  Indian Writers Thirteen Plays -Dutaghatotkaca -Karnabhara -Urubhanga -Avimaraka -Balacarita -Abhiseka  Indian Writers 2. Kalidasa An Indian playwright, and called the brightest of the “Nine Gems of Genius”. His works includes Shakuntala, Malavika & Agnimitra, and Urvashi.  Indian Writers Shakuntala It is a story of a king who goes hunting in the woods and meets a beautiful maiden named Shakuntala with whom he falls in love.  Indian Writers 3. Vishnu Sharma Indian writer and scholar who wrote the famous Indian fable.  Indian Writers Panchantantra A book that contains the first fables ever written in India.  Indian Writers 4. Rabindranath Tagore He was a great Indian poet and dramatist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913.  Indian Writers 4. Rabindranath Tagore Among his famous literary works are Gitanjali, The Post Office, Glimpses of Bengal, and The Home and the World. Middle-Eastern Literature What is Middle-Eastern Literature? It refers to all literary works located in South-Western Asia with 18 countries varying in religions, ethnic, and linguistic abundance.  Middle-Eastern Literature PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIC MODERN 20TH LITERATURE ERA CENTURY  Pre-Islamic Arabian Literature The pre-Islamic period, also known as the Jahiliyyah (meaning "age of ignorance" in Arabic), refers to the time in Arabia before the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE. Pre-Islamic Arabian literature is characterized by the Mua’allaqat (mid-500s-early 600s), a collection of poems from the Arabian Peninsula known for their beauty. The Mu'allaqat (‫)اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺎت‬, also known as "The Hanging Odes", are a collection of pre-Islamic Arabic poems composed by renowned poets of the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic) era. These poems are considered some of the finest examples of early Arabic poetry and are celebrated for their eloquence and beauty. Why are they called "Mu'allaqat"? The term Mu'allaqat means "hanging" or "suspended." There are various explanations for this name: 1. Hanging on the Kaaba: they were written in gold and hung on the walls of the Kaaba in Mecca. 2. Hung in memory: "hang in the memory" due to their impressive linguistic artistry. 3. Masterpieces: elevated above ordinary works.  "Man is but a patchwork of time and experience, And time will strip him bare, as it wears down the stones." Modern Era The classical period of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE) was a golden age of Islamic civilization, marked by remarkable achievements in science, culture, philosophy, art, and governance. The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates, and is known for shifting the capital to Baghdad. Poetry remained the dominant literary form during the “classical period of the Abbasid” (750-1258), with the romantic praise of a beloved as a theme. A Thousand and One Nights What is a Frame Story? A frame story is a narrative technique where an initial story sets up or "frames" one or more other stories within it. The outer story provides context, often with a narrator who introduces and closes the inner stories. Examples: Canterbury Tales Arabian Nights "A Thousand and One Nights" also known as "The Arabian Nights" is a famous collection of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and North African folktales, legends, and stories. It is one of the most significant works of world literature. The stories are framed by the central tale of King Shahryar and Scheherazade, a clever and courageous storyteller, who uses her narratives to escape execution. "And so, the cycle continues, spinning its tales for a thousand and one nights." The stories in "A Thousand and One Nights" come from various regions, including Persia, India, Iraq, Egypt, and Syria. They were passed down orally and written down in various collections over centuries. "A Thousand and One Nights" vary greatly in tone, theme, and genre. They include romances, adventures, comedies, tragedies, and moral tales, often blending elements of magic, fantasy, and real-life experiences Famous Stories in the Arabian Nights 1. Aladdin and the Magic Lamp: A tale of a young man who discovers a magical lamp containing a powerful genie. 2. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves: The story of a poor woodcutter who stumbles upon a treasure trove hidden by a band of thieves. 3. The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor: Sinbad, a merchant and adventurer, recounts his seven dangerous and magical voyages filled with strange lands, mythical creatures, and dangerous encounters. Twentieth Century Drama and poetry were also affected by th th 19 and 20 century European literary movements. Absurdist and existential dramatic styles have aided works whose political critiques needed to be safely cloaked in abstraction. Gibran Khalil Gibran A Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, poet, and artist. His writings in both languages, which deal with themes like love, death, nature, and longing for homeland. The Prophet Thank you for listening!