World Civilizations I Unit 5 Exam Review PDF

World Civilizations I Unit 5 Exam Review 1. **Justinian I** 2. **A decline in trade and economy structure, political instability, decline in population in urban areas, literacy, political fragmentation, movements of barbaric Germanic tribes** 3. **Clovis I in 481-482, he also united them...

World Civilizations I Unit 5 Exam Review 1. **Justinian I** 2. **A decline in trade and economy structure, political instability, decline in population in urban areas, literacy, political fragmentation, movements of barbaric Germanic tribes** 3. **Clovis I in 481-482, he also united them under one crown and converted to Catholicism around 496 CE** 4. **She had significant political influence and converted her husband to Catholicism, which played a huge part in the Christianization of the Frankish kingdom. She built churches and supported the church through charitable act.** 5. **A Germanic legal concept that ivnolved paying compensation for the injury or murder of a person. Was a way to prevent blood feuds and was part of the warrior code. Victim's family could claim the full value of a person's life, even from the murderer's extended family.** 6. **A method of determining someone's guilt or innocence by subjecting them to dangerous tests, that were believed to be controlled by god that indicated whether God damned them or not** 7. **They were located in Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome. In the New Testament says that Jesus appointed Peter as the leader of the church** 8. **It was the separation of the Catholic Church from the Orthodox churches in 1054, it was caused by disagreements between Western and Eastern church leaders, including the Papal authority anf clause of the Nicene Creed** 9. **Decentralized power structure of Feudalism, succession disputes between noble families and warfare over territory, invasions from Vikings and the lack of a central authority** 10. **Saint Benedict of Nursia, he was not popular because of the strict and demanding monastic rule he established, it emphasized self denial, obedience and manual labor. It made it difficult for monks to adhere to and led to resistance** 11. **Charles Martel or "Charles the Hammer", he was a Frankish military leader who halted the Muslim advance into Europe, he defeayed Umayyad Caliphate at the Battle of Tours** 12. **Charlemagne implemented significant reforms such as:** **ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS:** **A system called the "missi dominici" - royal agents who traveled through the empire to enforce laws and gather information on the local provinces.** **He also held regular assemblies at his court in Aachen to oversee administration** **Increased use of written documents for communications between central and local governments** **EDUCATIONAL REFORMS:** **Encouraged the establishment of Monastic schools (educational institutions established by the Church to train clergy and monks) to preserve and copy classical texts** **RELIGIOUS REFORMS:** **Worked to strengthen the Church Hierarchy to improve moral quality of the clergy (a body of people working their religious duty)** **Standardized liturgical practices (the ways people worshiped and connected)** **Closely aligned with the Papacy, expanding the Church's power** **ECONOMIC REFORMS:** **Standardized weights (The Carolingian pound) and measures to reform trading and commerce** **Implemented legal reforms to improve the functioning of markets** 13. **The Emperor the Romans** 14. **The Frankish kingdom fragmented and was divided among his heirs and grandson (Treaty of Verdun) and it created three separate kingdoms: West Francia (Modern France), East Francia 9Modern Germany) and Middle Francia. This division led to power struggles and the decline of the Carolingian Dynasty** 15. **They left for a desire of wealth through trading and raiding and had overpopulation in their homeland. They had political instability and advancement of sea-fairing technology** 16. **Longships, long, narrow and highly maneuverable. Knarr: The ocean-going cargo vessels which were used for trade and colonization** 17. **Raiding and pillaging, ships and their sea technologies, exploring and warfare. A lot of them lived as traders and farmers peacefully** 18. **At the age of 21, it was King Alfred the Great** 19. **A social system in medieval europe, in which people were given land and protection by higher ranks and the people below them fought for them in return** 20. **A vassals owed military service to the lord when called upon, and as well as loyalty and obedience in exchange for land** 21. **Protection from enemies, land and justice in the lord's court** 22. **Serfs and peasants were bound to the land they worked on, wererequired to pay taxes in the form of labor and produce and could not marry or sell without the lord's approval. They had little legal protection** 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. **Harold Godwinson** 28. **The Battle of Hastings** 29. **A source of information that shows what life was like in England after the Norman conquest. Details things like land ownership, jobs and what animals people owned and their laws. The oldest government.** 30. **A council of advisors and administrators that served the king. Was a fundamental part of medieval governance. Was established by William the Conqueror.** **Tasks included advising the King, hearing cases to public cases, formed and regulated policies and collected taxes** 31. 32. **Common Law - it's based on case law and precedent rather than codified law** 33. **The Assize of Clarendon. A group of twelve men from each hundred to identify individuals suspected of crimes** 34. 35. 36. **No. Only people who owned land of value and there was gender bias** 37. **A law enforcement in medieval England that held members of society responsible for the behavior of one another, did not apply to nobility** 38. 39. **A HISTORICAL TAX LEVIED LEVIED ON THE NON-CLERGY POPULATION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND. A tax on personal wealth based on the value of their goods. It was used to raise funds for the crown.** 40. **A loose confederation of territories in central Europe. It consisted mostly of German and Italian regions. The Emperor held little power over the independent states. It was not clearly defined. Charlemagne was crowned as the first Emperor. He was crowned by Pope Leo III** 41. 42. **Economic Inflation (the value of land decreased), the depopulation of cities and towns and a decline in faith, it led to the end of serfdom and the manorial system was basically ended, art shifted to a more gruesome and bizarre focus, led to improvements in medicine, slump in trading and led to the deaths of ⅓ of Europe** 43. **A dispute over the French Throne, with Edward believing he was to inherit it because of his Maternal Hertiage. King Phillip denied this claim** 44. **A power struggle between the Pope and the Roman Empire about who had the authority to appoint bishops and high-ranking church officials.** 45. 46. 47. **A philosophy that emphasizes the teachings of Jesus and the human dignity** 48. **Typical fall of empire stuff, and failure to unite the churches and potential allies** 49. **The Flagellents** 50. **Messina** 51. **The Battle of Agincourt, resulted in victory of English over French.** 52. **A significant battle in which the English army decisively defeated a large French Battalion, utilizing longbow archers** 53. **His idealistic society with no greed, corruption or warfare** 54. 55. **Michelangelo** 56. **The Ottoman Empire, Mehmed II** 57. **The Archbishop of Canterbury** 58. 59. **The financial support of artists** 60. **The Medici** 61. **A sovereign country in which the state and nation are in harmony** 62. 63. **An italian philosopher who believed God's existence should be proven through reasoning and logic and natural law was subject to human reasoning** 64. **She founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 and Eibingen in 1165. Hildegard wrote theological, botanical, and medicinal works, as well as letters, hymns, and antiphons for the liturgy. She wrote poems, and supervised miniature illuminations in the Rupertsberg manuscript of her first work, Scivias.** 65. **Joan of Arc was a peasant who performed miracles that were said to be under divine guidance, rebelled the english attack at Orleans and had many cases of Miraculous healing**