National Building Code of the Philippines PDF

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines  RULE 1: General Provisions Purpose of the Code The National Building Code shall provide a framework of minimum standards and requirements for all buildings to regulate their location, design, quality of materials, c...

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines  RULE 1: General Provisions Purpose of the Code The National Building Code shall provide a framework of minimum standards and requirements for all buildings to regulate their location, design, quality of materials, construction, and use. Scope of application The National Building Code (NBC) applies to the design, location, siting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of and addition to public and private buildings, except traditional dwellings and BP 220 projects. Terms Construction All on-site work done from site preparation, excavation, foundation, assembly of all the components and installation of utilities and equipment of buildings/structure Addition Any new construction which increases the height or area of an existing building/structure Alteration Construction in a building/ structure involving changes in the materials used, partitioning, location/ size of openings, structural parts, existing utilities and equipment but does not increase the overall area thereof. Renovation Any physical change made on a building/ structure to increase its value, utility and/ or to improve its aesthetic quality Conversion A change in the use or occupancy of a building/ structure or any portion/s thereof which has different requirements Repair Remedial work done on any damaged or deteriorated portion/s of a building/structure to restore its original condition Demolition The systematic dismantling or destruction of a building/ structure, in whole or in part Ancillary building structure A secondary building/ structure located within the same premises, the use of which is incidental to that of the main building/structure  RULE 2: Administration and Enforcement The secretary Secretary of the DPWH Duties include: – Policy making – Memorandum circulars – Prescribe fees – Appoint building officials in all municipalities The Building Official Tasked with the enforcement of the Code in his jurisdiction Issues, denies, suspends and revokes permits Undertakes inspection of buildings Acts on claims Fees The DPWH Secretary prescribes the fees The Building Official collects the fees Fee exemptions Public buildings Traditional family dwellings – A dwelling intended for the use by one family and constructed of native materials (bamboo, nipa, logs, lumber), the total cost of which does not exceed PHP15,000. Offenses Proceeding with work without a permit Unauthorized deviations from the drawings during construction Non-compliance with work stoppage order Non-compliance with order to demolish Offenses Use of a building without securing a Certificate of Occupancy Change in use without the corresponding Certification of Change of Use Failure to post Cert. of Occupancy Change in type of construction without permit Dangerous buildings Structural hazard Fire hazard Unsafe electrical wiring Unsafe mechanical installation Inadequate sanitation and health facilities Architectural deficiency Options for dangerous buildings Repair Vacation Demolition RULE 3: Permits Building permit A written authorization granted by the Building Official to an applicant allowing him to proceed with construction after plans, specifications and other pertinent documents have been found to be in conformity with the Code When is a building permit required? Before constructing, altering, repairing, converting, moving, adding to, demolishing a building. Building permit exemptions Minor constructions Repair works Minor construction Minor structures 6 sqm or less detached from other buildings, for private use only. (Example: Sheds, poultry houses, greenhouses) Open terraces or patios not exceeding 20 sqm. Minor construction Window grilles Garden pools 500mm deep or shallower Garden masonry walls not exceeding 1.20m in height Repairs Not involving structural members Of non-load bearing partition walls Not involving addition or alteration Of doors, windows, floors, fences and walls Of plumbing fixtures Permit requirements Application forms If lot is owned, – OCT or TCT – Tax declaration – Current real property tax receipt Permit requirements If lot is NOT owned, – Contract of Lease or Deed of Absolute Sale in place of TCT Five sets of plans and specs, signed and sealed by various professionals Issuance of permits 15 days from payment of fees Liability clause Article 1723 of the Civil Code states that the engineer or architect who drew up the plans and specs is liable for 15 years from completion of the building should it collapse due to defects in the plans or the ground. Liability clause In case the building collapses due to defects in construction or the use of inferior materials, the contractor along with the construction supervisor shall be liable. Certificate of occupancy Shall be secured before using or occupying a building Requirements: – Certificate of completion – Logbook – As-built plans and specs – Building inspection sheet Expiration of building permits Construction does not commence within 1 year from date of issue Construction does not resume 120 days after suspension or abandonment of work Non-issuance, suspension, revocation Errors in plans and specs Incorrect or inaccurate data declared Non-compliance with the Code Inspection and supervision The owner of the building must engage the services of a licensed architect or civil engineer to undertake the full-time inspection and supervision of the construction.  RULE 4: Types of Construction Type I Wood construction Type II Wood construction with fire-resistant materials One-hour fire-resistive throughout Type III Masonry and wood construction One hour fire resistive throughout Incombustible exterior walls Type IV Steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction Incombustible interiors (ceilings, walls) Type V Four-hour fire resistive throughout Structural elements of steel, iron, concrete or masonry RULE 5: Fire Zones Fire zone Areas within which only certain types of construction are allowed, based on their occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire Fire zone designations 1. Non-fire restricted zones – All types of construction allowed 2. Fire restrictive zones – Type I construction NOT allowed 3. Highly fire restrictive zones – Types I, II, and III NOT allowed Buildings in multiple fire zones Shall be considered as part of the more restrictive zone if more than 1/3 of its total floor area is in that zone  RULE 6: Fire Resistive Requirements Fire resistive rating The degree to which a material can withstand fire Usually expressed in the form of a time period rating (how long a material can withstand being burned) Fire resistive standards Fire resistive standards Fire resistive standards  RULE 7: Occupancies + Requirements Occupancy versus zoning Occupancies are assigned to buildings, while zones are assigned to lands. Occupancy classifications A – Residential dwellings B - Residentials, hotels, apartments C - Education and recreation D – Institutional E – Business and mercantile Occupancy classifications F – Industrial G – Storage and hazardous H – Assembly other than Group I I – Assembly with 1,000 or more occupant load J - Accessory Zoning classifications R – Residential C – Commercial GI – General institutional I – Industrial UTS – Utilities, Transportation, Services SPE - Special Zoning classifications PRE - Park structures, recreation, entertainment CUL – Cultural A – Agricultural AI – Agroindustrial PUD – Planned unit development Occupancies A – Residential dwellings A-1: Residential building for single family occupants A-2: Residential building for non-leasing occupants not exceeding 10 persons B: Residentials, hotels, apartments Multiple dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, rowhouses, convents, monasteries and other similar building each of which accommodates more than 10 persons. C: Education + recreation Buildings used for school or day-care purposes not classified in Group H or I occupancies D: Institutional D-1: Institutions where personal liberties are restrained (mental hospitals, jails) D-2: Institutions for the care of non- ambulatory patients and children under kindergarten age D-3: Institutions for ambulatory patients and homes for children over kindergarten age E: Business + mercantile E-1: No work is done except exchange of parts, maintenance without open flame, welding, or highly flammable liquids (gasoline filling station, storage garage) E-2: Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, dining establishments E-3: Aircraft hangars and open parking garages (no repair work) F: Industrial Light industrial Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, factories and workshops using incombustible and non-explosive materials G: Storage + hazardous G-1: Medium industrial, storage of highly flammable materials G-2: Medium industrial, storage of flammable materials: dry cleaning plants, paint stores, spray-painting rooms G-3: Medium industrial structures where loose combustible fibers are generated: wood working establishments G: Storage + hazardous G-4: Medium industrial for repair garages and engine manufacturing G-5: Medium industrial for aircraft repair H: Assembly for less than 1,000 H1: Assembly buildings with stage for less than 1,000 H2: Assembly buildings without stage for 300 or more H3: Assembly buildings without stage for less than 300 H: Assembly for less than 1,000 H4: Recreational/tourism developments not included in other H classifications (stadiums, reviewing stands, and amusement parks) I: Assembly for 1,000 or more Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of 1,000 or more J: Accessory J1: Agricultural structures J2: Carports/garages, fences, towers and pools J3: Stages, courts, tombs, mausoleums, zoos, and banks Zoning classifications R1 Low-density residential zone Characterized by single-family and single- detached dwellings R2 Medium-density residential zone Characterized by low-rise single-attached, duplex, or multilevel buildings for use as multiple family dwellings R2 Further subclassified into: – Basic R2 Single attached or duplex, 1-3 floors – Maximum R2 Low-rise multi-level building, 3-5 floors R3 High-density residential zone Characterized low-rise or medium-rise buildings for use as multiple family dwellings Includes low-rise or medium-rise condominium buildings R3 Further subclassified into: – Basic R3 Rowhouses 1-3 storeys high – Maximum R3 Medium-rise multilevel structure 6-12 storeys high R4 Medium to high-density residential zone Characterized by low-rise townhouses or buildings for use as multiple family dwellings Refers to structures on an individual lot (“townhouse”) R5 Very high density residential zone Characterized by medium-rise to high- rise condominiums C1 Light commercial Neighborhood to community in scale Low-rise buildings (1-3 storeys) Low-intensity trade/activity Example: Small shopping centers C2 Medium commercial City or municipal in scale Medium-rise buildings (3-5 storeys) Medium to high intensity trade Example: Shopping centers C3 Metropolitan commercial Metropolitan in scale Medium to high-rise buildings (3-5 storeys) Very high intensity trade Example: Large to very large shopping malls GI General institutional Community to national level of institutional use. Low-rise to high-rise. Two types: – Education/Recreation – Medical/Government I-1 (Industrial) Light industrial use Low-rise but sprawling Low-intensity manufacturing I-2 (Industrial) Medium industrial use Low-rise but sprawling Medium-intensity manufacturing UTS (Utilities, transpo, services) Utilitarian, functional uses Low-rise to medium rise Low to high-intensity community support functions Two clusters: – Transport terminals, intermodals, depots – Power/water generation/distribution, telcos, waste management facilities SPE (Special) Other vertical facilities not yet mentioned Included cemeteries and memorial parks PRE (Park structures, recreation, entertainment) Low-rise to medium rise Low to medium intensity recreational functions related to educational uses (parks on campus, other recreational/assembly structures on campus) CUL (Cultural) Community to national level of use or occupancy Low-rise to medium rise A (Agricultural) Low to medium rise Low to high intensity agricultural activity Includes farms, but also offices and facilities for agricultural research and training AI (Agroindustrial) Low rise Low to high intensity agroindustrial activity Includes offices and facilities for agroindustrial education and research PUD (Planned unit development) Land development or redevelopment schemes for a new project which has a CDMP (Comprehensive Development Masterplan) or equivalent Example: Bonifacio Global City Mixed occupancies Rule of thumb: The building adheres to the stricter requirements. Exceptions: – If it’s a one-storey building, in which case each portion shall conform to applicable rules – If the minor occupancy does not exceed 10% of the building, in which case it is ignored Occupancy separations One-hour fire resistive – Separation: 1 hour – Openings: 1 hour Two-hour fire resistive – Separation: 2 hours – Openings: 2 hours Occupancy separations Three-hour fire resistive – Walls and wall openings Walls: 3 hours fire resistive Wall openings: Total width shall not exceed 25% of wall length. No opening shall be larger than 10 sqm. Occupancy separations Three-hour fire resistive – Floors and floor openings Floors: 3 hours fire resistive Floor openings: Protected by vertical enclosures that are 2 hours fire resistive. All openings on the the enclosures shall be 3 hours fire resistive. Occupancy separations Four-hour fire resistive – Separation: 4 hours – Openings: Not allowed Location on property Right of way/Access to property No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard, or street on at least one of its sides. Eaves over windows Eaves over required windows shall at least be 750mm from the side and rear property lines. Firewalls A fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of fire between or through buildings Why are firewalls important? Because when they are built, the building or parts of the building extends into the setbacks. Allowable firewalls R1: Not allowed – However, an abutment up to 3.20m high is OK for carports provided that above 1.50m, the abutment shall be constructed of perforated concrete blocks. Allowable firewalls R2: One side only – Maximum 80% of the length of side property line. Allowable firewalls Allowable firewalls R3: Two configurations are allowed: – Option A: Two sides Maximum 85% of each side Total should not exceed 65% of lot perimeter Two storeys high only – Option B: One side + Rear 90% of side or rear (up to 100% for rear if only 4m) Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter Two storeys high for side, 3.20m high for rear Allowable firewalls Allowable firewalls R4: Two sides – Maximum 85% of each side – Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter – Maximum height: three storeys Allowable firewalls Allowable firewalls R5: Two configurations allowed: – Option A: Two sides Maximum 75% of each side Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter Maximum height: 8 storeys – Option B: One side + Rear Maximum 65% of side and 50% of rear Total should not exceed 60% of lot perimeter Maximum height: 8 storeys for side, 14m for rear Allowable firewalls Allowable firewalls Commercial, institutional, and industrial: – Firewalls allowed on the ff. conditions: Provide sprinkler system Install fire-retardant or fire-suppression devices Maximum 70% of lot perimeter RROW setbacks are complied with Allowable floor areas TGFA Total gross floor area The total floor space inside the building Keyword: inside/enclosed Includes services/parking (unlike GFA) Allowable max. TGFA Table VII.1, p.84 of Rule 7 & 8 Format: Number of floors x footprint Depends on the ff.: – Lot type – Zoning – Use of firewalls Lot types Inside or regular lot Through lot Corner lot Corner-through lot Interior lot End lot Corner lot abutting 3 or more streets etc. Building height BHL Building height limit Given in Table VII.2 on p.89 Depends on zoning How is building height measured? From established grade line to the topmost portion of the building Excludes allowed projections above the roof, like: – Signage – Masts – Antenna or telecom tower How to establish the grade line Grade line = highest adjoining sidewalk or natural grade line If grade is sloping: – If less than 3 meters diff., take highest grade – If more than 3 meters diff., take the average How to establish top of building If roof is flat, top = rooftop If roof is sloping, top = middle of roof height Height limit on projections Towers, spires and steeples – If made of combustible materials, 6.0m above BHL – If made of incombustible materials, limited only by structural design Building height Building height Building height + RROW The RROW width also dictates the BHL:
6-7m RROW: 3.0 storeys or 9.0m
4-5m RROW: 2.5 storeys or 7.5m
0-3m RROW: 2.0 storeys or 6.0m
Only exceptions: PUD Other considerations: BHL The volume/bulk being constant, a building with a lesser PSO or AMBF may be built higher than one with a higher PSO. A building with a greater TGFA requirement may be built higher than one with a lower TGFA requirement. Other considerations: BHL A building with a higher FLAR designation may be built higher than one with a lower FLAR designation. Lots facing a wider RROW may become the site of a taller building than a lot facing a narrower RROW. Parking Parking slot sizes Width Length Car Perpendicular parking 2.50m 5.00m Parallel parking 2.15m 6.00m Jeepney 3.00 m 9.00m Standard truck/bus 3.60m 12.00m Articulated truck 3.60m 18.00m Parking requirements Given in Table VII.4 on p.100 Based on occupancy and lot/floor areas Sample parking requirements Hotels – If highly urbanized, 1 slot for every 3 rooms – If not, 1 slot for every 7 rooms – 2 tourist bus parking slots – 1 loading slot for articulated truck Sample parking requirements Churches – For every 50sqm. of congregation area, provide: 1 car slot 1 jeepney slot Public universities 1 car slot for every 5 classrooms 1 loading space for 2 jeepney or shuttle slots 1 school bus for every 200 students Sample parking requirements Public hospital 1 car slot for every 25 beds 1 loading space for 2 jeepney/shuttle slots 1 slot for articulated truck 1 slot for standard truck for every 5,000sqm gross floor area Add truck maneuvering space outside RROW Fractions in computations When computing for parking slots, a fraction of 50% or higher shall be considered as one slot. In all cases, at least one slot shall be provided unless otherwise allowed. Off-site parking lots If a multi-floor parking garage is located within a 200-meter radius of the building, 20% of the required parking provisions may be served the multi-floor parking garage. Off-site parking lots Reserved or leased parking slots may also serve the parking requirements if: – The slots are in a permanent parking building and not in a vacant parking lot. – The said parking building is: Not more than 100m away, if residential Not more than 200m away, if commercial Maneuvering space Using the RROW as a maneuvering space is not allowed To prevent this, direct access of parking/loading/utility slots to the RROW shall be disallowed Traffic-generating buildings Example: shopping malls The distance between such buildings and major road intersections is regulated The building ingress and the intersection shall be at least 50m apart (measured between the two nearest curbs) Front yards as parking Not allowed for the following: – R2 Maximum – R3 Maximum – GI – C1, C2 and C3 50% of front yard may be used as parking for R2 Basic and R3 Basic Minimum requirements for Group A dwellings Sanitation At least one sanitary toilet and adequate washing and draining facilities Foundation At least 250mm thick At least 600mm below the surface of the ground Structural loads First floor live load: 200kg/sqm Second floor live load: 150kg/sqm Wind load for roofs: 120kg/sqm (vertical) Stairs Minimum width: 750mm Maximum riser: 200mm Minimum tread: 200mm Entrance and exit At least one entrance, and another one for exit Development controls Terms defined TLA = Total lot area PSO = Percentage of site occupancy o The part of the lot occupied by the building (A.K.A. building footprint expressed in %) TOSL = Total open space within lot o The part of the lot NOT occupied by the building TLA = PSO + TOSL Terms defined USA = Unpaved surface area o The portion of the open space that is unpaved ISA = Impervious surface area o The portion of the open space that is paved Since “open space” = TOSL, TOSL = USA + ISA Terms defined MACA = PSO + ISA – Hence, TLA = MACA + USA PSO + TOSL PSO, ISA, USA Terms defined AMBF = Allowable max. building footprint Footprint expressed in square meters GFA = Gross floor area Total enclosed floor area (including balconies) Excludes the following enclosed areas: – Parking, services, utilities – Vertical penetrations in parking floors if not used for residential or commercial purposes – Balconies exceeding 10sqm, uncovered areas, fire escape structures, etc. Terms defined TGFA = Total gross floor area Includes all enclosed floor areas, no exceptions AMVB = Allowable max. volume of building OFB = Outer faces of the building FLAR = Floor and lot area ratio Building bulk A volume quantity In the simplest sense, Building bulk = Footprint x Height However, the Code prescribes several different methods for determining this quantity Building bulk by AMBF projection Determine the AMBF Determine the BHL (in meters) AMBF x BHL = Building bulk Building bulk from FLAR FLAR : Floor to lot area ratio – Total floor area / lot area – For example, a FLAR designation of 1.50 means that a lot measuring 100sqm may accommodate a building whose total floor area is 150sqm. Building bulk from FLAR Bulk = Footprint x Height To get footprint:
FLAR x TLA = Total floor area
Total floor area/Number of storeys = Footprint Hence:
[(FLAR x TLA)/number of storeys] x BHL Building bulk from AMVB 1. AMBF x BHL = initial AMVB (“prism”) 2. Superimpose the angular plane originating from the RROW onto the “prism” – Angular plane: a plane originating from the RROW that establishes the outer limit for walls and building projections. 3. Use the angular plane to reduce the volume of the prism. This is the AMVB. Angular planes from RROW Building bulk from AMVB Building bulk from AMVB Building bulk from AMVB Building bulk from AMVB Other development controls AMBF (Allowable maximum building footprint) = TLA – Yards/setbacks + Additional area due to firewalls Other development controls PSO = AMBF / TLA GFA = TLA x FLAR TGFA = GFA + Non-GFA – Courts  RULE 8: Light + Ventilation Intent Every building shall be designed, constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation.  Variables Setbacks Site occupancy Room sizes Ceiling heights Window sizes Courts Measurement of site occupancy Taken at ground level and exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells.  PSO, TOSL, USA, ISA TLA = PSO + TOSL TOSL = USA + ISA USA = minimum value ISA = maximum value These values are given in Table VII.1 on p.131 Lot types The Code defines seven lot types – Inside lot – Interior lot – Corner lot – Through lot – Corner through lot – Corner through lot abutting 3 or more streets – End lot Yard versus setback Yard: the required open space left between the outermost face of the building and the property lines Setback: the width of the yard Setbacks Setbacks Setbacks Courts Minimum dimension: 2.00m Hence, minimum area: 4.00sqm All inner courts shall be connected to a street or yard by a passageway at least 1.20m wide Courts Joining of courts Minimum dimension may be reduced to 1.50m in cluster living units with adjacent courts Mininum area per court: 3.00sqm Separation wall: 2.00m high maximum Joining of courts Joining of courts Parking spaces and carports If a carport is roofed, it will be considered part of the building footprint and not the TOSL However, uncovered parking spaces, driveways, and access roads may be considered part of the open space if unroofed/open to the sky Use of front yard as parking Only allowed for single family dwelling units falling under the following zoning classifications: – Basic R-2 – Basic R-3 – R-4 Firewalls Minimum ceiling heights Artificially Naturally ventilated ventilated Ground floor 2.70m 2.70m Second floor 2.40m 2.70m Succeeding floors 2.10m 2.70m Mezzanines 1.80m 1.80m Minimum ceiling heights NATURALLY VENTILATED ARTIFICIALLY VENTILATED Minimum room sizes Min. area Min. dimension Room for human 6.00sqm 2.00m habitation Kitchen 3.00sqm 1.50m Toilet and bath 1.20sqm 0.90m Habitable room Kitchen Bathroom Air space requirements Air space/person Floor area/person School rooms 3.00 cubic meters 1.00sqm Workshop, 12.00 cubic meters factories, offices Habitable rooms 14.00 cubic meters Windows Minimum area of Absolute windows minimum Habitable room 10% of floor area 1.00sqm Bathrooms, 5% of floor area 240sq.mm. laundry rooms, etc. Easements Easement is public land Situated outside of private property limits Should be equally enjoyed by all members of the community The only uses allowed are those that support its public recreational character Minimum easements Minimum easements Prohibited uses for easements Residential Long term parking, unless duly designated as pay-parking zones Commercial/institutional uses not compatible with its public character Any private use at the expense of the public Encouraged uses for easements Esplanade developments Promenade developments Encouraged uses for easements Encouraged uses for easements View corridors + sightlines The carriageway shall be free of structures, particularly commercial signs that will impede the view corridor and sightlines within the RROW To dignify important public/historical buildings, all forms of commercial signs intruding into the RROW leading to or away said structures shall be disallowed View corridors + sightlines RROW No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct acess to a public space, yard, or road on at least one side. Allowed uses within the RROW Transportation structures – Mass transit lines – Mass transit stations – Waiting sheds – Traffic outposts Limited commercial structures if they are complementary to the transportation uses Allowed uses within the RROW Improvements on the RROW – Carriageway – Sidewalks – Planting strips – Street furniture – Elevated or underground crossings – Traffic/directional signages Allowed uses within the RROW Public utility/service structures provided that they do not restrict or impede the movement of people and vehicles – Power – Water – Drainage – Gas – Telecommunications Prohibited uses within the RROW The RROW is public land and should be equally enjoyed by all members of the community Hence, the following are uses not to be allowed within the RROW Prohibited uses within the RROW Commercial structures Residential structures Government structures unless located below or above grade Long-term or overnight vehicle parking unless duly designated as pay-parking zones Prohibited uses within the RROW Depository of stalled, wrecked, or abandoned vehicles Unauthorized recreational or entertainment usage which will only benefit certain entities and which will ultimately result in inconvenience or nuisance to the general public Suggested RROW widths Suggested RROW widths Access to property Interior or rear lots shall have an access road with a minimum width of 3.00m. Provide a 4.00m wide chaflan at the intersection with the main RROW. Access to property Access to property Access to property Annotation from PRBOA The minimum 3.0 m wide access road necessarily includes all provisions for drainage and for utility lines. It must be maintained free of all forms of obstructions at all times, particularly parked or abandoned vehicles that may impede rescue/emergency response. Trees or plants should not be sited within any part of the minimum 3.0m wide access road i.e. suggested for planting within the property limits instead. Three RROW levels RROW above grade RROW at grade RROW below grade Three RROW levels RROW above grade From the finished surface of the roadway all the way up to the air If utilized for whatever purpose, the use or air rights must be compensated for (leased from the government) Minimum clear height: 4.27m from crown of carriageway RROW at grade From natural grade line to the finished surface of the carriageway or sidewalk Generally utilized for the movement of the general public (motorists and pedestrians) If utilized for whatever purpose, proponent must lease/pay the government RROW below grade From finished surface of roadway all the way down into the ground If utilized for whatever purpose, proponent must lease/pay the government - Sidewalks The local planning authority shall determine which streets shall have an open sidewalk or an arcaded sidewalk, or a combination of both For a RROW width of 9.00m or more, the minimum sidewalk width shall be 1.20m on each side of the RROW. For RROW less than 9.00m, refer to Table VIII.G.3 Sidewalks Sidewalks Grade of sidewalks As much as possible, sidewalks shall be level and or uniform grade throughout the length of the street When the street slope does not exceed 1/12, the sidewalk shall follow the street slope When the street slope is 1/10, the sidewalk shall be maintained level for every 20-40 meters of run, each level joined by a ramp of a slope not exceeding 1/6. Grade of sidewalks Grade of sidewalks Driveways across sidewalks If curb height = 200mm or lower, the driveway and the sidewalk shall be on the same plane. Provide entry ramp of slope 1/3 to ¼ connecting the carriageway to the sidewalk/curb. Driveways across sidewalks Driveways across sidewalks If curb height = greater than 200mm, a curb cutout for the driveway may be allowed and the driveway may be constructed along the entire width of the sidewalk. The sidewalk and the driveway shall be joined by a ramp with a slope of not more than 1/8. Driveways across sidewalks Driveways across sidewalks Planting strips Sidewalks 2.00m or more in width shall include on its outer side a planting strip of not less than 800mm wide up to a maximum of 1/3 of the sidewalk width The planting strip is meant to separate the curb from the sidewalk, and must always be placed near the curbline. Planting strips Planting strip widths RULE 9: Sanitation Basic sanitation provisions All buildings shall be provided with the ff: – Adequate and potable water supply – Adequate plumbing installation – Suitable wastewater treatment/disposal system – Storm water drainage Water source Potable water shall be sourced from the existing municipal waterworks system whenever possible Water quality Shall conform to the criteria in the National Standards for Drinking Water Waste disposal system Sanitary sewage from buildings shall be discharged directly into the nearest street sanitary sewer main If no sanitary sewerage system is available, septic tanks may be used Storm drainage Rainwater drainage shall not discharge into the sanitary system National Plumbing Code All plumbing installations (water supply and drainage) shall conform to the National Plumbing Code  RULE 10: Building Projections Over Public Streets Are projections beyond the property line allowed? No. Unless otherwise allowed by the Code. Projections into the RROW National roads or public highways: footings located at least 2.40m below grade may project 300mm (maximum) beyond the property line Public sidewalk: Foundations may encroach 500mm into the sidewalk if top of foundation is at least 600mm below grade Projections into the RROW In all cases, these projections shall not obstruct any utilities/services, unless the owner is willing to pay for the rerouting of said utilities/services. Balconies Balconies Clearance between sidewalk grade and lowest portion of balcony = 3.00m minimum Arcades Arcades may be constructed on sidewalks of streets whenever allowed or required by existing building and zoning regulations. Arcades shall be at least 3.00m above the sidewalk grade. Arcades Doors and windows Unless at least 2.40m above the pavement, no door or window shall project beyond the property line when fully opened or upon opening. Chaflans Every corner building or fence on a public street less than 3.60m wide shall be truncated at the corner to form a chaflan. The chaflan shall be at least 4.00m wide. Chaflans Chaflans  RULE 11: Protection of Pedestrians Protection of pedestrians No person shall use or occupy a street or sidewalk for the performance of work except in accordance with this rule No work shall be performed adjacent to a public way unless pedestrians are protected as specified in this rule Storage in public property Shall not obstruct utility provisions (fire hydrants, fire alarm box, manholes) Shall not interfere with drainage Shall not interfere with vehicular and pedestrian traffic Mortar mixing The mixing of mortar or concrete shall not be allowed on public streets. Temporary walkways When the Building Official authorizes a sidewalk to be closed, a temporary walkway at least 1.20m wide shall be provided If the street has no sidewalk, width may be reduced to 600mm. If RROW is 5.00m wide or less, no temporary walkways are allowed. Temporary walkways If the sidewalk will only be partially occupied, a temporary walkway will not be required provided that a width of at least 600mm with railings on the roadside is left open Provide railings (1.00m min. height) for walkways located beside the road or an excavation Fences + canopies Fences shall entirely enclose a construction site Minimum height: 2.40 meters above curb When the horizontal distance between the OFB and the inner edge or the sidewalk is more than ½ the building height, only a 2.40m high fence is required. Fences + canopies When the horizontal distance between the OFB and the inner edge or the sidewalk is equal or less than ½ the building height, a canopy will be also be required in addition to the fence. Fences + anopies For canopies: clear unobstructed height of 2.40m above the walkway Fences + canopies Fences + canopies  RULE 12: General Design Requirements Excavations Excavations must not endanger life or property Any person undertaking an excavation shall ensure that the soil of the adjoining property will not cave in or settle. Cut slopes shall no be steeper than 2:1 (horizontal:vertical). Occupant load Shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the unit area allowed per occupant as shown on Table XII.1.  Occupant load 2 exits required if Use Area/occupant more than Dwellings 28.00 10 Hotels, apartments 18.60 10 Classrooms 1.80 50 School shops/labs 4.60 50 Hospitals 8.40 50  Occupant load 2 exits required if Use Area/occupant more than Stores – Basement 2.80 50 Stores – Ground floor 2.80 50 Stores – Upper floors 5.60 10 Stores – Offices 9.30 30 Auditoriums, 0.65 50 theaters, churches, stadiums Number of exits Every building shall have at least one exit Upper floors with occupant load of more than 10 shall have at least two exits A mezzanine floor bigger than 185sqm or having more than 18.00m in any dimension shall have at least two stairways to an adjacent floor Number of exits Every floor with occupant load of 500-999 shall have at least 3 exits. Every floor with occupant load of 1000 or more shall have at least 4 exits. 50% of floor above + 25% of floor above that Width of exits Total width of exits = Occupant load/165 Note: This is the total width in meters Again, +50% of occupant load of storey above + 25% of occupant load of storey above that Arrangement of exits If two exits are required, the two exits must be apart by at least 1/5 of the perimeter of the area served. If three or more are required, they shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart Distance to exits If without a sprinkler system, 45.00m maximum If with a sprinkler system, 60.00m maximum Measured from any point in a building, measured along the line of travel Exit doors When serving an occupant load of 50 or more, must swing in the direction of exit travel Double acting doors shall not be used as exits when serving a tributary load of more than 100. Must be provided with a view panel of not less than 1300 sq. cm. Type of locks Exit doors shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort  Size of doors Minimum width of doorway: 0.90mm Minimum height of doorway: 2.00m Minimum clear width of exitway: 0.70m Shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees Maximum door leaf width: 1.20m Prohibited doors The following shall not be used as exit doors: – Revolving doors – Sliding doors – Overhead doors Change in floor level at doors There shall be a floor or a landing on each side of an exit door The floor/landing shall not be more than 50mm lower than the door threshold Exception: For Group A or B occupancies, a door may open over the top step provided that the landing is not more than 200mm from the floor level and the door does not swing over the top step. Corridors Minimum width: 1.10m This width shall be unobstructed, except that trim handrails and doors when fully opened shall not reduce the required with by more than 200mm. Doors in any position shall not reduce the width by more than ½. Dead ends Maximum length: 6.00m  Stairway widths Occupant load more than 50: 1.10m Occupant load of 50 or less: 0.90m Occupant load of less than 10 (private): 0.75m Handrails shall not reduce the width of stairways by more than 100mm Riser and tread Maximum riser: 200mm Minimum tread: 250mm Stairway headroom Not less than 2.00m measured from the nosing Landings Length = stairway width If the stairway has a straight run, landing length does not need to exceed 1.20m Landing width shall not be reduced by more than 100mm by any door when fully opened Max. vertical distance between landings: 3.60m Handrails Stairways shall have handrails on each side If a stairway is more than 3.00m in width, at least one intermediate handrail shall be provided Height of handrails: 800-900mm above the nosing of treads Handrails Exceptions: – In Group A or B occupancies, stairways 1.10m or less in width serving one individual dwelling may have one handrail only – Stairways having less than four risers need not have handrails Basement stairways If a basement stairway and a stairway to an upper storey terminate at the same exit enclosure, a barrier shall be provided to prevent persons from continuing into the basements Also; provided directional exit signs Winding stairways Allowed as exits as long as the required tread (250mm) is provided at a point 300mm away from the narrow end However, the tread must not be narrower than 150mm at any point Circular stairways May be used as exits provided that the minimum width of run is not less than 250mm Aisles Aisles leading to an exit shall be provided for all portions with installed seats, tables, etc. Shall be at least 0.80m wide if serving only one side, or 1.00m if serving both sides This minimum width shall be measured at the point farthest from the exit, and shall be increased by 30mm for every meter in length towards the exit Aisle travel distance The line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall not be more than 45.00m Maximum 7 seats between wall and aisle Maximum 14 seats between two aisles Maximum slope: 1 in 8 Aisle travel distance The number of seats between aisles may be increased to 30 if: – Exit doors are provided along each aisle at the rate of 1 pair of exit doors for every 5 rows of seats – The back-to-back distance between seats is 1.00m minimum – Minimum clear width of exit doors is 1.70m Standard seats Back-to-back distance: 840mm minimum Width: 450mm minimum Grandstands/bleachers Back-to-back distance: – 600mm if without backrests – 850m if with backrests – 850mmif chair seating Width: 450mm minimum Rise: 400mm maximum Number of seats between any seat and an aisle shall not exceed 15 seats (31 seats bet. 2 aisles) Grandstands/bleachers Back-to-back distance: – 600mm if without backrests – 850m if with backrests – 850mmif chair seating Width: 450mm minimum Rise: 400mm maximum Number of seats between any seat and an aisle shall not exceed 15 seats (31 seats bet. 2 aisles) Fire extinguishing systems Automatic fire extinguishing systems are required for the following: – Habitable storeys with an area of 200 sqm or more with an occupant load of more than 20 – Dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms, workshops or factories with occupant load of more than 10 – Assembly halls under Group H and I with occupant load of more than 500 Dry standpipes All buildings 4 or more storeys in height shall be equipped with one or more dry standpipes Standpipes shall be located within enclosed stairway landings Siamese connections shall be located on the street-front of a building 300mm-1200mm above grade Wet standpipes The following shall have wet standpipes: – Group H or I occupancy of any height – Group C occupancy 2 or more storeys in height – Groups B, D, E F and G 3 or more storeys in height – Group G and E occupancy over 1800 sqm in area Exemption: – Group H buildings without stage whose seating capacity is less than 500 Locations of wet standpipes All portions of the building are within 6.00m of a nozzle attached to a hose 23.00m in length (standpipes 58.00m apart) For assembly occupancies: – 1 outlet on each side of the stage – 1 at the rear of the auditorium – 1 at the rear of the balcony  RULE 13: Electrical + Mechanical Referral codes All electrical systems and installations shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code pursuant to RA 7920 (Electrical Engg. Law) All mechanical systems and installations shall conform to the provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Code pursuant to RA 8495 (Mech. Engg. Law)  Clearance of service drops 2.50m from highest point of roofs 3.00m from the ground 1.00m (horizontal) from windows/porches 5.50m from the crown of the street or sidewalk No service drop conductors or any other wiring shall pass over swimming pools Elevators Hoistway pit: minimum 600mm from underside of car to bottom of pit Maximum four elevators in a single hoistway Residential buildings 5 storeys or higher shall have at least one passenger elevator on 24-hour constant operation Escalators Maximum inclination: 30° from horizontal Width between ballustrades: 560mm- 1200mm. Shall not exceed the width of the step by more than 330mm Speed: 38 meters per minute maximum (common rule is 90-120 fpm/27.5-36.5mpm) Air conditioning Comfortable cooling standards: – Temperature: 20°-24° Celsius – Humidity: 50% - 60% – Air movement: 4.60-7.60 meters per minute Water pumping Installation of pumping equipment directly from the public water supply system is prohibited  RULE 14: Photo/X-ray Films Film storage rooms Provide automatic fire extinguishing systems for the ff: – When unexposed films in shipping containers exceed 14.00cubic meters – When shelving used for storing film exceeds 1.40 cubic meters in capacity Film storage rooms No films shall be stored within 600mm of steam pipes, chimneys, or other sources of heat  RULE 15: Prefabricated Construction Prefabricated assembly A structural unit, the integral parts of which have been built-up or assembled prior to incorporation in the building To determine structural adequacy, they shall pass special tests conducted by accredited material testing laboratories RULE 16: Plastics Approved plastics Those which have a flame-spread rating of 225 or less Those with a smoke density not greater than that obtained from the burning of untreated wood Those whose products of combustion are no more toxic than those of untreated wood Plastic doors Plastic doors are allowed except for entrance doors and exit doors, which should be of materials other than plastics  RULE 17: Sheet Metal Spraybooths Sheet metal spray paint booths Paint spray booths shall be constructed of not less than No. 18 US Gauge in thickness The area of a spray paint booth shall not exceed 150sqm The floor of the booth, if combustible, shall be covered with non-combustible material Shall permit the free passage of exhaust air  RULE 18: Glass + Glazing General requirements Applies to all exterior glass/glazing except Groups A, B, and J not taller than three storeys Each glass panel shall bear the manufacturer’s label designating the type and thickness of glass General requirements Glass panels with special performance characteristics shall bear the manufacturer’s label indicating said characteristics Measures shall be taken to keep persons from walking into fixed glass panels where the floor on both sides of the glass are the same level (guardrails, etching, flower bins) Glass area limitation Glass in large areas along shopping malls, commercial buildiggs, institutional buildings, etc.  RULE 19: Use of Computers General requirements The use of computers for all or any part of building design is permitted provided that all programs to be used are documented Program documentation File with the OBO a reference to a publication accessible to him where a detailed description of the program including a description of the algorithms are found The software name, version number and the developer and its address shall be provided as part of documentation RULE 20: Signs Signs No sign shall be erected in such a manner as to confuse or obstruct the view or interpretation of any official traffic sign/device Signs in any foreign language shall have a translation in English or the local dialect Signs No sign shall be erected in such a manner as to confuse or obstruct the view or interpretation of any official traffic sign/device Signs in any foreign language shall have a translation in English or the local dialect Roof signs No signs shall be installed on rooftops of buildings of wooden structures or of buildings with wooden roof framing Provide grounding of metallic parts of roof signs exposed to lightning Ground signs Shall be located within the property line and under no circumstances shall they occupy the RROW Projecting signs On non-arcaded RROW: – Signs shall not project more than 1.20m On arcaded RROW: – Signs shall not project more than 0.60m Buildings abutting RROW without sidewalks: – Signs shal not project more than 0.30m Projecting signs Minimum vertical clearance – Non-arcaded RROW: 3.00m from road surface to lowest part of signs – Arcaded RROW: 5.00m from road surface to lowest part of signs