WK 1_INTRO.pdf

BIOCHEMISTRY Week 1: Introduction to Biochemistry Prepared by: SRBE Lecturer: Denzy Rose I. Tangkusan, MD Date: August 7, 2024 D. Atomic w...

BIOCHEMISTRY Week 1: Introduction to Biochemistry Prepared by: SRBE Lecturer: Denzy Rose I. Tangkusan, MD Date: August 7, 2024 D. Atomic weight OUTLINE Answer: C I. Composition of Matter II. Chemical Bonding & Types III. Common Organic Elements IV. Biochemically Relevant Functional Groups V. Classes of Biomolecules VI. Relevance of Biochemistry in Medicine COMPOSITION OF MATTER Matter - space; mass; anything - made up of elements Elements - Pure substance → unique from other matter; cannot be created/broken down by ordinary chemical means Atoms - Unit of an element → retain the properties of that element ❖ Subatomic particles: Protons Ions - Atom → charge: either positive or negative Neutrons Electrons Molecules - Grouping of ≥2 atoms held together by chemical bonds ❖ Atomic number - # protons/electrons Compounds -Can either be of the same element or of different ❖ Atomic mass = protons + neutrons elements Isotopes - Different forms of an element → # of neutrons Explain the difference between an ion and a compound. Answer: An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons and carries a charge, while a compound is a substance What is the atomic number? composed of two or more different elements chemically A. Number of protons bonded together. B. Number of neutrons C. Number of electrons CHEMICAL BONDING A. Ionic Bonding - cation vs anion Answer: A B. Covalent Bonding - polar vs nonpolar Which subatomic particle contributes to the mass of an atom? C. Hydrogen Bond A. Protons B. Neutrons What is the strongest type of bond among ionic, covalent, and C. Electrons hydrogen bonds? Answer: B Answer: Covalent bond Electron Shell - layer of electrons that encircle the nucleus at a ORGANIC COMPOUNDS distinct energy level Groups of C atoms covalently bonded to H, O, N & other Valence Shell - outermost electron shell: elements More reactive → valence shell is not full Carbon skeleton - C atoms “share” w/ other C atoms Less reactive → valence shell is full Which part of an atom encircles the nucleus at a distinct energy level? A. Electron shell B. Valence shell C. Proton shell D. Neutron shell Answer: A Which factor most strongly governs the tendency of an atom to participate in chemical reactions? A. Number of neutrons B. Number of protons C. Number of electrons in valence shell BIOCHEMISTRY WEEK 1: INTRO TO BIOCHEM Prepared by: SRBE Date: Aug 7, 2024 BIOCHEMISTRY Week 1: Introduction to Biochemistry Prepared by: SRBE Lecturer: Denzy Rose I. Tangkusan, MD Date: August 7, 2024 Why study biochemistry? Biochemical studies have illuminated many aspects of health and disease. Contributions to field like: Cell Biology Immunology Pharmacology Toxicology Pathology Nutrition Summary Biochemistry is the application of principles from various sciences such as chemistry (i.e. basic, inorganic, organic) and biology to BIOMOLECULES understanding the processes and conditions in living organisms - healthy and diseased states. What is the function of proteins? Answer: Proteins have various functions such as acting as enzymes, transporting molecules, providing structural support, and regulating cell processes. BIOCHEMISTRY WEEK 1: INTRO TO BIOCHEM Prepared by: SRBE Date: Aug 7, 2024