Chemistry Notes PDF

Where are metals and non-metals in the periodic table?  Writing word and chemical equations In science, it is important to be able to read and write chemical reactions as both word and symbol equations. Today we will look at symbol equations! We already practiced: 1. Going from...

Where are metals and non-metals in the periodic table?  Writing word and chemical equations In science, it is important to be able to read and write chemical reactions as both word and symbol equations. Today we will look at symbol equations! We already practiced: 1. Going from text to word equations 2. From symbol equations to word equations  Naming compounds Naming compounds can be tricky. What rules do we remember from last lesson? What would the substances below be called? Li2O MgBr2 NaCl  Compounds cheat sheet When naming compounds that contain a metal and a non-metal: the metal is always written first The non-metal is written second and ends with “ide” E.g. Li + O2 → Li2O lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide Some parts have special names of their own Name Symbol E.g. sodium hydroxide = NaOH hydroxide OH copper carbonate = CuCO3 sulfate SO4 nitrate NO3 carbonate CO3  From word to symbol equations Important things to remember about elements : Metals by themselves are found as elements Ex: lithium = Li, iron = Fe, gold = Au Solid Non-metals by themselves are found as elements Ex: carbon = C, phosphorus = P, iodine = I, sulfur = S Gas non-metals by themselves are found as diatomic meaning 2 atoms together Ex: hydrogen = H2 oxygen = O2 , Boron = B2, nitrogen =N2, Fluorine= F2 , Chlorine = Cl2, Bromine = Br2 Hydroxide = OH, Methane = CH 4 , ammonia = NH 3  Compounds cheat sheet When naming compounds that contain a metal and a non-metal: the metal is always written first The non-metal is written second and ends with “ide” E.g. Li + O2 → Li2O lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide Some parts have special names of their own Name Symbol E.g. sodium hydroxide = NaOH hydroxide OH copper carbonate = CuCO3 sulfate SO4 nitrate NO3 carbonate CO3  From word to symbol equations Important things to remember about elements : Metals by themselves are found as elements Ex: lithium = Li, iron = Fe, gold = Au Solid Non-metals by themselves are found as elements Ex: carbon = C, phosphorus = P, iodine = I, sulfur = S Gas non-metals by themselves are found as diatomic meaning 2 atoms together Ex: hydrogen = H2 oxygen = O2 , Boron = B2, nitrogen =N2, Fluorine= F2 , Chlorine = Cl2, Bromine = Br2 Hydroxide = OH, Methane = CH 4 , ammonia = NH 3 Naming elements Symbol Name Li Lithium Na K Cu C H2  Naming compounds - practice 1. NaOH 1. Sodium Hydroxide 2. KOH 3. LiOH 4. Na2O 5. NaCl 6. CuCO3 7. Na2CO3  Challenge: From symbol to word equations Write the following reactions as word equations. 1. Li + Br2 🡪 LiBr 2. S + O2 🡪 SO2 3. K + H2O 🡪 KOH + H2 4. NaBr + Cl2 🡪 NaCl + Br2 5. Find out the name for these parts in a compound: NO3, SO4  Compounds cheat sheet When naming compounds that contain a metal and a non-metal: the metal is always written first The non-metal is written second and ends with “ide” E.g. Li + O2 → Li2O lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide Some parts have special names of their own Name Symbol E.g. sodium hydroxide = NaOH hydroxide OH copper carbonate = CuCO3 sulfate SO4 nitrate NO3 carbonate CO3  From word to symbol equations Important things to remember about elements : Metals by themselves are found as elements Ex: lithium = Li, iron = Fe, gold = Au Solid Non-metals by themselves are found as elements Ex: carbon = C, phosphorus = P, iodine = I, sulfur = S Gas non-metals by themselves are found as diatomic meaning 2 atoms together Ex: hydrogen = H2 oxygen = O2 , Boron = B2, nitrogen =N2, Fluorine= F2 , Chlorine = Cl2, Bromine = Br2 Hydroxide = OH, Methane = CH 4 , ammonia = NH 3 Naming elements Symbol Name Li Lithium Na K Cu C H2  Naming compounds - practice 1. NaOH 1. Sodium Hydroxide 2. KOH 3. LiOH 4. Na2O 5. NaCl 6. CuCO3 7. Na2CO3  Challenge: From symbol to word equations Write the following reactions as word equations. 1. Li + Br2 🡪 LiBr 2. S + O2 🡪 SO2 3. K + H2O 🡪 KOH + H2 4. NaBr + Cl2 🡪 NaCl + Br2 5. Find out the name for these parts in a compound: NO3, SO4  Success Criteria 1. Combine symbols to make compounds Write down the next objective as a sub-title in your book 2. Convert word equations into symbols using the periodic table 3. Begin to balance simple symbol equations Sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride From word to symbol equations You try! Stretch By putting number in front of each element or molecule, can Calcium + bromine → calcium bromide you make each side of the equation balanced so there are the Hydrogen + oxygen → water same number of elements on each side? Sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride From word to symbol equations You try! Stretch By putting number in front Na + Cl2 → NaCl of each element or molecule, can Calcium + bromine → calcium bromide you make each side of the equation Ca + Br2 → CaBr2 balanced so there are the Hydrogen + oxygen → water same number of elements on each side? H2 + O2 → H2O  Success Criteria 1. Combine symbols to make compounds 2. Convert word equations into symbols using the periodic table Write down the next objective as a sub-title in your book 3. Begin to balance simple symbol equations Plenary You mix chocolate and milk together to make a hot chocolate. 1. Identify the reactants 2. Identify the products 3. Write a word equation for the reaction 4. Write the word equation for the reaction of HCl + MgO → H2O + MgCl2 5. Write the chemical symbol equation for the reaction of Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide Stretch : balance the symbol equation above  What is Mass? It is a measure of how much ‘stuff’ we have Things with more mass are heavier than things with less mass Order the items on the next slide in order of most mass to least  Conservation Definition: If something is conserved then the amount of it remains the same over time.  Mass in chemical reactions The inputs of a chemical reaction are known as: Reactants The outputs of a chemical reaction are known as: Products Why doesn’t the mass change? In chemical reactions, no atoms can be made or destroyed. Chemical reactions just change how the atoms are bonded together. + +  Conservation of mass During chemical reactions or a change of state, no atoms are created or destroyed. The total mass of chemicals before and after a reaction remains the same. This is called the Law of Conservation of Mass.  Element vs. Compound Elements are represented Na by symbols and numbers. For example, Sodium is represented by Na. NaCl Compounds are represented by their chemical formula How many atoms are there? The subscript (small number)- how many atoms there are for THAT element Coefficient (BIG NUMBER)- Multiplies everything in the compound  Success Criteria 1. Define conservation of mass 2. Understand the difference between element and compound Write down the next objective as a sub-title in your book 3. Determine how to balance an equation  Chemical formula How many of each element? HO Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? CO Carbon: ________ Oxygen: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? H+ O Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? H +O Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? (H O) Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? H SO Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________ Sulphur: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? H Cl O Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________ Chlorine: _________  Chemical formula How many of each element? (H SO ) Hydrogen: ________ Oxygen: _________ Sulphur: _________