Language Development Week 9, Chapter 9 PDF

Language Development Week 9, Chapter 9 March 6th, 2024 1 Mock Social Media or Parent Bulletin Final Assignment Pick a topic that is of interest to a lay audience Find a minimum empirical paper: Introduction, Methods, Results, & Discussion Summarise the main finding in plain language Be creative! Due...

Language Development Week 9, Chapter 9 March 6th, 2024 1 Mock Social Media or Parent Bulletin Final Assignment Pick a topic that is of interest to a lay audience Find a minimum empirical paper: Introduction, Methods, Results, & Discussion Summarise the main finding in plain language Be creative! Due April 8-10th Topic Ideas Do babies have a sense of number? Do infants learn through imitation? Children and Screens Does brain training work? (e.g. luminous) Reasoning at any age Any neurodevelopmental disorder Growth Mindset in Schools Do IQ tests measure our ability to succeed? How to support language learning? The effects of covid-19 on adolescent brain development If you are unsure – ask for approval! 3 Foundations of Language Language is a complex system of associations between sound (or gestures) and meaning. Five basic components that underlie all languages: 1. Phonology: knowledge of sounds used in a given language Learning how to discriminate speech sounds 2. Morphology: understanding the ways that sounds can be combined to form words Infants learn that sounds can be combined in meaningful ways. 4 Foundations of Language Five basic components that underlie all languages (continued): 3. Semantics: meaning or content of words and sentences 4. Syntax: knowledge of the structure of sentences Rules by which words are to be combined to form sentences 5. Pragmatics: understanding how to use language to communicate effectively 5 How do Infants Learn Speech? Studying What Infants Know Non-nutritive/High amplitude sucking method Infants get used to sounds that repeat (habituation) Can show when they detect differences (dishabituation) Habituation & Dishabituation sucking rate Habituation Dishabituation baA A ApaB B Bpa paB B B B B Bpa BBBB AbaA A AbaA A Aba A A Aba A A A ba AAAA How Early Do Babies Start Learning Language? DeCasper, et al. Discriminating Languages Do newborn babies know their maternal language? (Mehler, 1980s) Tested babies of French mothers Increase in sucking No change in sucking Discriminating Languages Is this experience? Or just detecting differences? Do babies really know their maternal language? Increase in sucking No change in sucking Developmental milestones for language learning 12 From Sounds to Symbols: Language Development in Infancy Cooing: making deliberate vowel sounds Occurs between 2 and 3 months of age https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yCSrb26MLc 13 From Sounds to Symbols: Language Development in Infancy Babbling: repeating strings of consonants and vowels Begins around 6 months Universal but becomes more similar to native language over time Socially interactive process 14 From Sounds to Symbols: Language Development in Infancy 12-18 months understand and produce words point & name objects | identify simple body parts Receptive language (what infants can understand) exceeds productive language (what they can produce). First words appear at about 1 year of age. Holophrases: one-word expressions to express complete thoughts Typical words the infant hears often or that are meaningful to him or her 15 Baby Sign Language learn to communicate between infants and parents around 8 months of age using gestures Gross motors skills develop before the fine motor control of mouth and tongue Helps with communication, no research to suggest that speeds up the development of speech/language development 16 Two-Word Utterances: Emerging Syntax and Pragmatics Telegraphic Speech: like a telegram, child’s speech only includes a few essential words About 21 months of age Awareness of the communicative purpose of speech and importance of being understood emerges by 2.5 years. Competence using syntax emerges around 20–30 months. 17 Next class….. Language learning in school age children and theories of language 18