Week 4 Nursing Theorists and Their Works PDF

Week 4 Nursing Theorists and Their Works A. Nursing Philosophies Prepared by: Maria Fe G. Opao RN  Florence Nightingale, most recognized name in the field of nursing. Work was instrumental for developing modern nursing practice. Environmental Theory changed the face of nursing to create...

Week 4 Nursing Theorists and Their Works A. Nursing Philosophies Prepared by: Maria Fe G. Opao RN  Florence Nightingale, most recognized name in the field of nursing. Work was instrumental for developing modern nursing practice. Environmental Theory changed the face of nursing to create sanitary conditions for patients to get care. “Founder of Modern Nursing” title given her because of her works in reforming nursing. Nursing knowledge is distinct from medical knowledge. Philosophy in nursing is environment-oriented Factors which Personal, societal, Education from her father : professional values and influenced concerns Mathematics and Philosopy the development of Religious affiliation and Victorian Lady easy access beliefs: action for the benefit Nightingale’s of others is a primary way of serving God to people of power and influence Philosophy of Nursing Religious affiliation strongly supported education as a means of developing divine potential and helping people toward perfection Nightingale’s “Environmental Theory” Viewed the manipulation of the physical environment as a major component of nursing care. 12 Major Areas of the Physical, Social and Psychological Environment that the Nurse could control Health of Light Variety Cleanliness of Nutrition Observation of Houses rooms and walls and taking the sick food Ventilation Noise Bed and Personal Chattering Petty and warming bedding Cleanliness hopes and management advices What did Florence Nightingale use in the conceptualization of her philosophy based on her description of health and sanitary conditions in Crimea and England? Empirical Evidence was used by Florence Nightingale  1. Environment 4 Major Assumptions of Anything that can be manipulated to place a patient Nightingale’s in the best possible condition for nature to act. Environmental Philosophy Physical components: ventilation, warmth, light, nutrition, medicine, stimulation, room temperature and activity Psychological components: avoiding chattering hopes and advices and providing variety  2. Person 4 Major Assumptions of Nightingale’s Environmental The one receiving care Philosophy Dynamic and complex being having physical, emotional, social and spiritual components  3. Health 4 Major Assumptions of Nightingale’s “Healthy is not only to be well, but to be Environmental able to use well every power we have.” Philosophy Florence Nightingale Nightingale believed in the prevention and health promotion in addition to nursing patients from illness to health.  4. Nursing “Observation may always be improved with training – will seldom be present without training; for otherwise the nurse 4 Major does not know what to look for.” Assumptions of Spiritual calling Nightingale’s Assist nature to repair patient Environmental Science of Environmental Management Philosophy Nurses have to use: common sense, observation, ingenuity to allow nature to effectively repair the patient. Nursing proper (nursing the sick) General nursing (health promotion) Midwifery nursing  Clarity Nightingale’s Environmental Theory meet the Simplicity criteria used for analysis of Generality nursing conceptual Accessibility (Empirical Precision) models and theories as follows: Importance (Derivable Consequences)  Timeless Meaningful today as they were in the 19th century Nightingale’s Theory 13 Canons (see Critical Thinking with Nightingale’s Theory) may differ in the specifics of application today, but the underlying principles provided remain sound and relevant. Applies in all situations that nursing is provided up to these generations and in the future generations of nurses. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 2. Watson’s Theory of Human Caring  American nurse theorist and nursing professor. Best known for her theory of human caring. Caring is central to nursing practice and promotes health better than a simple medical cure. Jean Watson “Nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring health”. Author of numerous texts, including Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring  Human Being Fully functional integrated self Greater than and different from the sum of his or her parts Health 4 Major Concepts High level of overall physical, mental and social functioning General adaptive –maintenance level of daily functioning of the Philosophy Absence of illness, or the presence of efforts leading to the absence of illness and Science of Environment/Society Caring Nurses have existed in every society and that a caring attitude is transmitted from generation by the culture of the nursing profession as a unique way of coping with its environment. Nursing Concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health. Human science of person and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic human transactions. 7 Assumptions (Watson’s Model) Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally. Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs. (Evolved into 10 caritas processes) Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth. Caring responses accept the patient as he or she is now, as well as what he or she may become. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the patient to choose the best action for himself or herself at a given point in time. A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing. The practice of caring is essential to nursing.  1. Cultivating the practice of loving kindness and equanimity toward self and other foundational to caritas consciousness. 2. Being authentically present: enabling, sustaining and honoring the faith, hope and deep belief system and the inner-subjective world of 10 Caritas self/other. Processes by 3. Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practice and transpersonal self, going beyond ego-self. Watson 4. Development and sustaining a helping-trust-caring relationship. 5. Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings.  6. Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; engage in the artistry of caritas nursing. 7. Engage in genuine teaching –learning experience that attends to Unity of Being and subjective meaning – attempting to stay within 10 Caritas the other’s frame of reference. Processes by 8. Creating a healing environment at all levels. Watson 9. Administering sacred nursing acts of acring-healing by tending to basic human needs. 10. Opening and Attending to spiritual/mysterious and existential unknowns of life-death.  Higher order psychosocial needs: need for Watson’s achievement, affiliation and self actualization Hierarchy of Lower order psychophysical needs: need for Needs activity, inactivity and sexuality Lower order biophysical needs: need for food and fluid, elimination and ventilation Watson’s theory has been applied and continues to be applied in various fields of nursing Practice Administration Education Research and Leadership  Activity Nightingale and Watson 3 Important 3 Important Learnings from Learnings from Nightingale Watson Quiz