Week 7+8 - Lecture Slides Test Bank 2 PDF

**41. How do rituals contribute to resilience during challenging times, according to the 2015 study?**\ A. They eliminate the need for emotional support.\ B. They shift focus away from communal concerns.\ **C. They offer direct control over unpredictable events.**\ D. They suppress individual stress...

**41. How do rituals contribute to resilience during challenging times, according to the 2015 study?**\ A. They eliminate the need for emotional support.\ B. They shift focus away from communal concerns.\ **C. They offer direct control over unpredictable events.**\ D. They suppress individual stress responses completely.\ E. They create order and solidarity, even if the sense of control is illusory.\ **Correct Answer: C**\ *Explanation: Rituals contribute resilience by offering symbolic control over unpredictable situations, which fosters emotional and social cohesion.* **42. In Maisin cosmology, how are spirits viewed differently compared to many Western perspectives?**\ **A. Spirits are considered less significant than human actions.**\ B. Spirits are seen as omnipotent beings disconnected from daily life.\ C. Spirits are believed to be hostile toward humans.\ D. Spirits are interpreted as natural forces like wind or rain.\ E. Spirits share the same physical space as humans and can intervene directly.\ **Correct Answer: A**\ *Explanation: Unlike Western beliefs where spirits are often distant, the Maisin see spirits as active participants in daily life, highlighting a unique integration of spiritualism.* **43. What is the primary cultural significance of the Cova dels Cavalls paintings?**\ A. They serve as evidence of early artistic competition.\ B. They depict divine beings worshipped in prehistoric times.\ **C. They emphasize the separation of art from spiritual practices.**\ D. They symbolize technological advancements in hunting tools.\ E. They reflect sympathetic magic, reinforcing spiritual and social cohesion.\ **Correct Answer: C**\ *Explanation: These prehistoric paintings represent art's intertwined relationship with magic, serving practical and spiritual purposes in their time.* **44. Which of the following is a core characteristic of myths?**\ **A. They are exclusively transmitted orally.**\ B. They focus on practical instructions for survival.\ C. They explain recent historical events.\ D. They highlight the rational aspects of cultural practices.\ E. They are viewed as factual and set in a sacred \"other\" world.\ **Correct Answer: A**\ *Explanation: Myths are traditionally transmitted orally, making them a key part of shared cultural knowledge passed down generations.* **45. What theme does the Windigo myth primarily convey?**\ A. The importance of strategic alliances in survival.\ B. The superiority of human ingenuity over nature.\ **C. The dangers of breaking sacred taboos.**\ D. The inevitability of human suffering.\ E. The consequences of greed, excess, and inhumanity.\ **Correct Answer: C**\ *Explanation: The myth serves as a moral caution against breaking sacred taboos, which can result in spiritual and communal harm.* **46. In what way does magic function as a coping mechanism?**\ **A. It replaces the need for scientific explanations.**\ B. It eliminates risks associated with daily tasks.\ C. It separates practical actions from symbolic gestures.\ D. It prevents individuals from taking responsibility.\ E. It provides a perceived sense of control in uncertain situations.\ **Correct Answer: A**\ *Explanation: Magic often serves as an alternative framework for understanding and responding to events that seem beyond human control.* **47. What purpose do altered states serve in shamanic healing practices?**\ A. They provide entertainment during communal gatherings.\ **B. They separate shamans from other healers in the community.**\ C. They establish physical evidence for spiritual claims.\ D. They demonstrate the futility of physical interventions.\ E. They facilitate communication with the spiritual realm to restore balance.\ **Correct Answer: B**\ *Explanation: Altered states enable shamans to separate their role as unique intermediaries between the physical and spiritual worlds.* **48. What does the avoidance of photography in traditional Navajo contexts demonstrate?**\ A. A fear of technological change.\ **B. The rejection of modern cultural practices.**\ C. An effort to maintain oral storytelling traditions.\ D. The desire to protect sacred ceremonial items.\ E. The belief in sympathetic magic and its potential to cause harm.\ **Correct Answer: B**\ *Explanation: The avoidance of photography reflects a broader cultural concern with preserving traditional spiritual practices.* **49. Which of the following best describes the role of euphorica in spiritual practices?**\ A. They improve physical endurance during rituals.\ **B. They alleviate immediate stress and promote relaxation.**\ C. They enhance group cohesion during communal activities.\ D. They are used exclusively in secular contexts.\ E. They induce spiritual insight and emotional breakthroughs.\ **Correct Answer: B**\ *Explanation: Euphorica substances reduce stress, creating conditions for reflective and spiritual experiences during rituals.* **50. How does \"Murphy's Law\" challenge the perception of bad luck?**\ **A. By rejecting the need for cultural interpretations of events.**\ B. By presenting misfortune as a result of divine intervention.\ C. By suggesting misfortune is entirely avoidable.\ D. By limiting its application to natural phenomena.\ E. By showing misfortune as subjective, varying based on perspective.\ **Correct Answer: A**\ *Explanation: Murphy's Law humorously illustrates the idea that bad luck is not inevitable but influenced by perspectives and choices.* **51. Why do the Maisin reject certain supernatural claims?**\ A. They believe some spirits are inherently false.\ B. They rely on written records to verify spiritual encounters.\ C. They view all supernatural experiences as illusions.\ D. They follow strict religious doctrines that exclude other beliefs.\ E. They critically evaluate claims to determine their plausibility.\ **Correct Answer: E**\ *Explanation: The Maisin critically assess supernatural encounters, rejecting claims they find implausible, highlighting their pragmatic approach to spiritual beliefs.* **52. How does the Toast Example illustrate Murphy's Law?**\ A. It emphasizes that misfortune is caused by spirits.\ B. It demonstrates the inevitability of bad luck.\ C. It explains misfortune through scientific reasoning.\ D. It highlights the lack of control humans have over events.\ E. It shows misfortune is a deliberate act by external forces.\ **Correct Answer: C**\ *Explanation: The Toast Example demonstrates Murphy's Law by using scientific explanations, like physics, to account for seemingly \"unlucky\" outcomes.* **53. In \"Raven and Seal,\" what lesson is taught through Raven's actions?**\ A. Hard work leads to eventual success.\ B. Greed often results in spiritual rewards.\ C. Trickery is the best means of achieving one's goals.\ D. Reciprocity and honesty are necessary for harmony.\ E. Power is gained through divine intervention.\ **Correct Answer: D**\ *Explanation: The story teaches that deceit and greed disrupt the balance of reciprocity, ultimately leading to failure.* **54. What is the symbolic role of rituals during uncertainty?**\ A. They make events more predictable.\ B. They replace individual agency with collective responsibility.\ C. They connect participants directly with supernatural beings.\ D. They enforce adherence to cultural norms.\ E. They create an illusion of control, reducing anxiety.\ **Correct Answer: E**\ *Explanation: Rituals provide symbolic comfort by creating an illusion of control in unpredictable situations, helping reduce anxiety.* **55. How does sympathetic magic contribute to community cohesion?**\ A. By teaching practical skills like hunting and farming.\ B. By discouraging reliance on spiritual beliefs.\ C. By creating shared symbols and reinforcing social bonds.\ D. By emphasizing individual accomplishments.\ E. By replacing ritual with scientific practices.\ **Correct Answer: C**\ *Explanation: Sympathetic magic fosters shared beliefs and communal rituals, reinforcing social cohesion and group identity.* **56. In Vodoun possession, how is unity with the divine symbolized?**\ A. By establishing complete control over physical strength.\ B. By transcending individual consciousness through group rituals.\ C. By suppressing spiritual beliefs in physical states.\ D. By demonstrating physical weakness in altered states.\ E. By merging physical transformation with spiritual embodiment.\ **Correct Answer: E**\ *Explanation: Vodoun possession rituals symbolize unity with the divine by merging physical transformations with spiritual embodiment.* **57. How do shamans address illness differently from priests?**\ A. Shamans rely on scripture for their healing practices.\ B. Shamans focus exclusively on mental health issues.\ C. Shamans avoid rituals in favor of herbal medicine.\ D. Shamans target spiritual imbalances and altered states in healing.\ E. Shamans work only within large religious institutions.\ **Correct Answer: D**\ *Explanation: Shamans treat illness as a disruption of spiritual balance, often entering altered states to diagnose and heal.* **58. How does the Navajo concept of hozho help protect against witchcraft?**\ A. It emphasizes strict adherence to sacred rituals.\ B. It focuses on isolating individuals suspected of witchcraft.\ C. It reinforces harmony and balance within the community.\ D. It involves punishing those accused of practicing witchcraft.\ E. It separates spiritual practices from daily life.\ **Correct Answer: C**\ *Explanation: Maintaining hozho (harmony and balance) ensures protection against witchcraft by fostering spiritual and social well-being.* **59. How do the Cova dels Cavalls paintings reflect animistic beliefs?**\ A. They symbolize the direct intervention of spirits in human affairs.\ B. They depict divine beings as creators of all life.\ C. They serve as a scientific record of ancient hunting techniques.\ D. They show animals as beings imbued with spiritual power.\ E. They represent the human dominance over nature.\ **Correct Answer: D**\ *Explanation: The paintings reflect animistic beliefs by portraying animals as possessing spiritual power, central to the community\'s rituals and worldview.* **60. What does the 2015 stress study suggest about the social role of rituals?**\ A. Rituals primarily function as a distraction from reality.\ B. Rituals are a direct solution to environmental uncertainty.\ C. Rituals enforce individual responsibility for outcomes.\ D. Rituals disrupt traditional social hierarchies.\ E. Rituals promote resilience and solidarity during times of uncertainty.\ **Correct Answer: E**\ *Explanation: The study highlights that rituals create a sense of order, reduce anxiety, and foster group solidarity, even if their effects are symbolic.*