Week 7 - Crime and Society PDF

Crime and Society Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Housekeeping Items Assignment Tutorial with Sam: November 7 Trigger Warning: material contains images that may be upsetting or triggering Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Win...

Crime and Society Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Housekeeping Items Assignment Tutorial with Sam: November 7 Trigger Warning: material contains images that may be upsetting or triggering Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Introduction Victimology sub-field of criminology focuses on relationship between victims and perpetrators of crimes, against the backdrop of social institutions such as the criminal justice system. Victimization Surveys Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Canadian Victimization Surveys What is the VAWS? Survey for Canadian women – violence against women survey inside and outside the home, sexual violence, physical violence and perceptions of fear. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Canadian Victimization Surveys What percentage of women, according to the VAWS, reported they had experienced at least one incident of violence since the age of 16? 50% Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Canadian Victimization Surveys Surveys have gathered information on victimization among the Indigenous population in Canada. Brennan (2011) points out that victimization of Indigenous Peoples within families is disproportionately higher compared to the general population. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Canadian Victimization Surveys Indigenous women are more likely to experience both physical and sexual abuse by a partner than non-Indigenous women. Abuse reported by Indigenous women is more violent than for non-Indigenous women. Indigenous women are twice as likely to be victimized through assault with a weapon, beating or strangulation, threats involving a firearm or knife, or by being forced into committing sexual acts. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Age Which age group has the highest rates of victimization across all major categories – sexual assault, robbery, physical assault, and theft of personal property? 15-24 Provide an explanation for your answer. – Lifestyle,tend to stay our later, go out more Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Age Which age group had the lowest rates of victimization across all major categories – sexual assault, robbery, physical assault, and theft of personal property? 65 and over Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Gender Women in Canada are more likely to be victims of which two types of crimes? Sexual assault and theft Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Gender Men are more likely to be victims of which two types of crimes?robbery and assault Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Victim Characteristics: Household Income Households with income over $100,000 were more likely to have their homes vandalized or broken into? Why?More valuable possesions Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Marital Status Intimate Partner Violence is more likely to be committed by men against women. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Marital Status When women commit intimate partner violence, they are more likely to use a weapon. Explain why? Power difference between sizes Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023 Victim Characteristics: Sexual Orientation LGBTQ+ individuals experienced victimization at a rate 2.5xs higher than heterosexual individuals. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Victim Characteristics: Race and Ethnicity Racial discrimination is overrepresented in the CJS Who are more likely to be street checked, according to several media investigations?Black people, Indigenous women In a 2021 report on racial profiling reported that Black people account for 5% of street check in Vancouver but only represent 1%. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Intimate Partner Violence: Discussion Trigger Warning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlFAd4YdQks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfBmemykC88 Studies have revealed that spousal violence is dramatically underreported to the police. What may explain this? Watching the videos examining intimate partner violence, is there a double standard regarding this form of violence? Why is this a problem? Elaborate on your answer. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Victimology Theories Developed in the late 1970s Moved focus away from the role of victim characteristics to the choices made Lifestyle Theory Routine Activities Theory Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Lifestyle Theory Lifestyle theory/model The theory that some people experience a greater risk of being victims of crime because of their lifestyle habits and patterns of behaviour. Lifestyle 3 Related Hypotheses Equivalent Group Hypothesis-The offender and the victim share similar characteristics and because of this the victim is at a higher risk to be exposed to crime. Proximity Hypothesis-Some people put themselves at risk living a high-risk lifestyle. Deviant Place Hypothesis: Some areas are more conducive to criminal activities more than others Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Discussion Using Deviant Place Hypothesis, how would you explain higher rates of victimization amongst the homeless? Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Theoretical Models and Victim Typologies, cont’d Routine Activity Theory-routine activities deliver easy crime activities to the offender. The theory that the risk of victimization increases when there is: Motivated offender(s) Suitable targets:Absence of a capable guardian Capable guardian(s) Risk of victimization is greatest for individuals or groups whose routine (daily activities) brings them and/or their property in contact with motivated offender(s) in the absence of capable guardian(s) Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Bullying Definition assertion of power through a form of aggression Acquire power over victims physically, emotionally, and socially Data:increased with age, boys and girls are euwual victims, young people are more likely to be victims of bullying from older age, younger students experiemce more direct bullying and older students experience more indirect bullying. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Bullying: Discussion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RMaD0_k7hc Apply routine activity theory to bullying as shown in this video? Identify strategies to combat bullying. What may be the best form of guardianship and why?- school, family and community need to intervene Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Trigger Warning: Cyberbullying https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRKuRYlg1HQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSqVJks6n-Y Do you think online bullying is any worse than physical bullying? How should governments and/or schools and/or guardians education people especially children about the harm of cyberbullying? Recall Routine Activities theory proposes that motivated offenders will not commit crime unless there is a suitable target and the opportunity to exploit the target. The presence of a capable guardian will deter most offenders. Is this theory applicable to cyberbullying? Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Online Bullying/Cyberbullying https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSqVJks6n-Y What prevention strategies are proposed by the RCMP? Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023  Victimology Theories of Victimology May serve foundation for research to assist in understanding and reducing victimization Important not to make victims into scapegoats Every crime has consequences Material or personal loss Physical suffering Emotional distress Victimization takes many forms and can carry substantial repercussions that often extend to the victims’ families, communities, and society as a whole Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023