SCI-100 Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) PDF

SCI-100 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS)  SCI-100 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Ergonomic and Working Environment  Learning Outcome Understand Ergonomic and its risk Factor. Apply ergonomic control methods for eliminating/ reducing wor...

SCI-100 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS)  SCI-100 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Ergonomic and Working Environment  Learning Outcome Understand Ergonomic and its risk Factor. Apply ergonomic control methods for eliminating/ reducing work-related MSD Introduction Ergonomic issues This chart shows how MSDs compare to other hazards based on percentage of injuries and illnesses using statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, FY2014.  Introduction Ergonomics “Dictionary Definition” Design and arrangements of things so that it interact efficiently and safely with people”  Terms Ergonomic: The science of fitting jobs to people. Ergonomic design: The application of knowledge to the design of the workplace (tasks, equipment, environment) for safe and efficient worker use. Good ergonomic design: Makes the most efficient use of worker capabilities while ensuring job demands do not exceed those capabilities. Work stations Tools Equipment 6  How ergonomic injury happen? Overexertion of body from lifting or carrying Bodily reaction to stimuli Repetitive motion during work Working in awkward postures or same postures for long periods Localized pressure into the body part Prolonged Vibration from equipment  Common Ergonomic Symptoms Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) affect the muscles, nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, and tendons Discomfort Burning Pain Swelling Numbness Tingling Loss of motion/flexibility Inflammation Spasticity Throbbing Stiff joints Paralysis  Common Work-Related MSDs Most commonly affected areas: Back Arms, Elbows, and Shoulders Neck Hands, Wrists, and Fingers Knees, Ankles, and Feet This chart shows a distribution of injuries and illnesses to body parts due to MSDs using statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, FY2014.  Ergonomic Control Methods Examples of engineering controls Work station design and setup Ergonomically designed tools Ergonomically designed equipment Load weight reduction Source: OSHA (International Labor Organization)  Ergonomic Control Methods Examples of proper work practices: Proper lifting techniques Team lift heavy/bulky/awkward loads Stretch Work rotation Task variety Increase rest breaks Source of graphics: OSHA  Ergonomic Control Methods Examples of PPE: Gripping gloves Knee pads Vibration gloves Thermal gloves Lifting straps Shoulder harness Lifting braces Source of graphics: OSHA  The benefits of an ergonomic program Towards Employee Towards Employer Provide Comfort Reduce Worker’s Reduce Fatigue compensation costs $$$ Prevent Injuries Increase Productivity Increased Job satisfaction Minimize Errors Decreased boredom Decreased stress Maintain Products Quality Reasonable workloads Increase Profit  OSHAD – COP 14: Manual Handling and Ergonomic Employees shall be trained on: procedures to request an ergonomic worksite assessment; how to ensure their worksite is ergonomically correct; early warning signs of an ergonomic injury or illness; procedures for reporting of ergonomic injury or illness; assistance available if suffered an injury 14 or illness. Environmental Hazard 15 Environmental Hazards and Controls Types of Environmental Hazards: Temperature Vibration Radiation Noise  Environmental Hazards and Controls Effects of exposure to physical hazards: Temperature Radiation Vibration Noise Rash; Cramps Burns Fatigue Interferences Exhaustion Sickness Strains Stress Stroke Aging Carpal Tunnel Tinnitus Hypothermia Cancer HAVS Headaches Frostbite DNA Mutations Raynaud’s Hearing Loss  Extreme Temperature Exposure to heat: Health Cause Symptoms Effects Red cluster of bumps/blisters; Rash; Cramps Heavy sweating Muscle pains or spasms Dizziness, light-headedness, Loss of body weakness, heavy sweating, pale Exhaustion fluids/salts skin, sick to stomach ≥104F body temperature. Red, hot, Rapid body Stroke dry skin; dizziness; confusion; temperature rise unconscious  Extreme Temperature Protection against heat: Engineering Administrative PPE Air conditioning Emergency plan Insulated PPE, in Ventilation Acclimatization some work places Cooling fans Adequate water Thermal clothing Local exhaust Work/rest cycles (cool vests) ventilation Avoid hottest times; Reflective shields adjust work demands Insulation Rotate job functions Eliminate steam Buddy system leaks Monitoring Eliminate or substitute hazard, whenever feasible  Extreme Temperature Exposure to cold: Health Effects Cause Symptoms Uncontrolled shivering; Body temperature slurred speech; memory Hypothermia drops ≤95F loss; blue/purple skin Pale, cold, waxy-white Frostbite Exposed to ≤0F air skin; tingling; stinging  Extreme Temperature Protection against cold: Engineering Administrative PPE Heaters Warm liquids Layered clothing Shield work areas Adjust work schedule Hat or hood, face (windbreaks) Buddy system cover, gloves Monitoring Clothing out of Frequent breaks in fabric that retains warm areas insulation even Acclimatization when wet Insulated and waterproof boots Eliminate or substitute hazard, whenever feasible  OSHAD – COP 11: Safety in the Heat Employees shall be aware on: training on the hazards of working in heat; Information on the importance of maintaining good hydration and eating a well balanced diet. recognizing the signs of heat illness; Appropriate Communication including posters, information leaflets, training videos and presentations; Continuous information and awareness campaigns to raise and maintain awareness Posters illustrating monitoring of 22 hydration status by urine colour in toilets and rest rooms  OSHAD – Technical Guideline - Safety in the Heat Assessing Environmental Heat Stress – Thermal Work Limit (TWL) Acclimatation guideline Symptoms and treatment Prevention Educational Message 23  Radiation Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or moving subatomic particles. Natural radiation comes from many naturally occurring radioactive materials found in soil, water, air and in the body. Every day, people inhale and ingest forms of radiation from air, food and water.  Radiation Excessive exposure to radiation may damage living tissues and organs, depending on: the type of radiation the sensitivity of the affected tissues and organs the manner and length of time exposed the radioactive isotopes involved characteristics of the exposed person 25 (such as age, gender and underlying condition).  Physical Hazards and Controls Protection against radiation: Engineering Administrative PPE Enclose/Shield work Clearly mark RF/MW protective areas to minimize controlled spaces suits, including head stray radiation Minimize exposure and eye protection Interlocked doors on times Safety glasses, devices that can Location/ goggles, welding produce acute installation of helmets, or welding thermal injuries devices face shields with Remote operation of Proper appropriate filter radiation-producing maintenance lenses devices Eliminate or substitute hazard, whenever feasible  Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation 30 regulation (January 2023): Facility siting & Design Safety & protection Risk assessments License Export and import Disposal Emergency Preparedness Handling and Transportation Security 27  Vibration Exposure to vibration: Early Signs and Later Signs and Health Effects Symptoms Symptoms Circulatory Intermittent Loss of sense of touch; disturbances, tingling of one or numbness such as VWF and more fingers Blanching of entire fingers HAVS Blanching of Loss of grip strength Sensory nerve fingertips Sever pain damage Pain in fingers Carpal tunnel syndrome Muscle, bone, Pain and loss of strength in and joint injury arms Loss of finger dexterity or coordination  Vibration Protection against vibration: Engineering Administrative PPE Vibration reduction Proper positioning Anti-vibration equipment and grip; let the gloves Vibration dampeners machine do the work or shields to isolate Job rotation source of vibration Limit duration of task from employee Proper maintenance Eliminate or substitute hazard, whenever feasible  OSHAD – COP 3.1: Vibration Employees shall be trained on: vibration exposure limit values and action levels understand the significant findings of the risk assessment, including any measurements taken, with an explanation of those findings signs and symptoms of vibration related injuries and the process for reporting and getting treatment entitlement to appropriate health surveillance safe working practices and other control measures. 30  Noise Exposure to noise: Health Effects Signs and Symptoms Tinnitus Ears feel stuffed up Permanent hearing loss Ringing in the ears Physical stress Limited ability to hear high frequency Psychological stress sounds, understand speech, and communicate  Noise Noise – prolonged exposures to 85 dB can lead to hearing loss  Noise Protection against noise: Engineering Administrative PPE Use low-noise tools and Increase distance Ear plugs machinery between source Ear muffs Place a barrier between and worker Hearing bands noise source and worker Alter work Enclose or isolate noise schedule Weld parts rather than Limit time of noise rivet exposure Use acoustical materials Provide quiet Install silencers, areas for breaks mufflers, or baffles Eliminate or substitute hazard, whenever feasible  OSHAD – COP 3: Occupational Noise Outline Noise Risk Assessment Hearing conservation program Hazard Communication Audiometric test Computation of noise exposure and control measure 34  Noise When to wear hearing protection Noise or sound level exceeds 90 dBA (OSHA) Recommended when exceeds 85 dBA (NIOSH) What to wear Personal comfort preference Long-term/Single use (plugs) Short-term/On and off (muffs) Consider NRR Source of photos: OSHA  Slips Trips and Fall Slip when personnel lose your footing Trip when personnel foot catch on or in something Fall when personnel come down suddenly Falling objects when equipment, material, tools and debris that fall or be released sideways or upwards causing injury, losses or damages. 36  Common Fall Hazards Overhead Platforms Overhead Runways Elevated Work Stations Source of photos: OSHA  Common Fall Hazards Floor Openings/Pits Wall Openings Shelving Units Source of photos: OSHA  Common Fall Hazards Stationary Storage Tanks Tanker Trucks Industrial Production Units Source: WVU Source: OSHA Source: OSHA  Fall Hazard Controls Hierarchy of Fall Hazard Control: First line of defense Eliminate the fall hazard Second line of defense Work from ground Hole Covers Prevent the fall Third and last resort Control the fall Safety Harness Handrail/Guardrail  OSHAD – COP 23: Working at Heights Outline Prevent Falling object injuries Emergency & Rescue Planning PPE & Fall Arrest Public Protection Guardrail/protection Risk Assessments 41