Week 5_6 Minerva 200 - Module Leadership and Management Systems PDF

# **Leadership and Management Systems** ## **Welcome** This is a module on leadership and management systems. ## **Module Objectives:** Upon completion of this module, you should be able to: - Explain the general concepts, terminology, and elements of safety management systems. - Compare and co...

# **Leadership and Management Systems** ## **Welcome** This is a module on leadership and management systems. ## **Module Objectives:** Upon completion of this module, you should be able to: - Explain the general concepts, terminology, and elements of safety management systems. - Compare and contrast approaches to safety management systems in different industries. - Describe the roles and responsibilities of leaders, managers, and engineers with respect to safety management systems. - Apply the principles of safety management systems to any industry or context. - Explain what can happen when safety management systems are not in place. ## **Topic 1: An Introduction to Safety Management Systems** ### **A Brief Terminology of Key Safety Terms** Before delving into safety management systems it is helpful to define some key safety terms. These terms are often used in everyday experience and education. - **Hazard** - A hazard is a source of potential harm that exists when a source of energy could be released. The energy corresponding to the hazard may be chemical, mechanical, or electrical. - **Risk** - A risk describes the amount of harm a hazard could potentially produce. It can be defined as the *probability of occurrence * the *consequence* of the outcome. - **Incident** - An incident is an unplanned event, or series of events, that disrupts the orderly flow of the work process and results in some form of injury or damage. - **Safety** - Safety is defined as "the state in which the possibility of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and safety risk management." ### **Safety Management Systems Defined** A safety management system (SMS) is a systematic approach to managing safety. An SMS includes the following core elements: - Safety management as a core organizational priority. - Effective systems for identifying hazards and controlling risk. - Effective communication and coordination systems. - Effective continuous improvement processes to reduce risks and enhance the SMS system. An SMS also emphasizes: - Management leadership and employee involvement. - Planning. - Implementation and operation. - Checking and corrective action. - Management review. ### **SMS Terminology** The following are key SMS terminology. - **Organization** - An organization is a system of people working toward common goals. - **System** - A system is an organized, purposeful structure of interrelated and interdependent elements. - **Leadership** - Leadership refers to the process of leading people in the planning and achievement of strategic goals. - **Management** - Management is the process of directing people to carry out plans that have already been established. - **Stakeholder** - A stakeholder is any individual or group affected by the activities of a company. - **Mission Statement** - A mission statement is a formal, written declaration of an organization's main goals and its core values. - **Policy** - A policy is a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in a specific situation that a group of people, business, or organization has formally agreed upon. ### **A Survey of Safety Management Systems** Safety management systems have evolved independently in different disciplines. Here are some notable safety management systems: - **Safety Industry** - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Canada Standards Association - **Aviation Industry** - International Civil Aviation Organization - Transport Canada - **Railway Industry** - Transport Canada - **Oil and Gas Industry** - Imperial Oil - **Chemical Industry in Canada and Responsible Care** ### **Self Check** The following are some self-check questions to test your understanding of the introductory topic. **Question 1** > A formal, written declaration of an organization's main goals and its core values is referred to as: > - A policy. > - A vision statement. > - A mission statement. > - A goal statement. **Question 2** > A mining company wants to open a new potash mining operation in northern Saskatchewan. Which of the following groups would be considered "stakeholders" in this situation? > - The residents of two communities near the proposed mine. > - The mining company's employees. > - The mining company's board of directors. > - Investors in the mining company. > - All of the above. **Question 3** > In industry, safety means that all risk has been removed from a situation. > - True > - False ## **Topic 2: Common Elements of Safety Management Systems** ### **SMS Commonalities** Safety management systems from different industries have certain elements in common. - **Management Leadership and Employees Involvement** - **Planning** - **Implementation and Operation** - **Checking and Corrective Action** - **Management Review** ### **SMS Examples** The following are some examples of SMS in different organizations: - **General Motors Safety and Industrial Hygiene Management System** - General Motors (GM) is the largest automobile manufacturing company in the United States. The company's safety vision flows into a global policy, management standards, performance standards, and technical standards. Their SMS is guided by five elements: - Policy and organization. - Planning. - Implementation and operation. - Checking and corrective action. - Leadership reviews. - **Bruce Power Management System** - The Bruce Power Nuclear Generating Station is Canada's first private nuclear generator. Bruce Power has developed a safety management system that is based on the **plan-do-check-act process**, which includes: - **Plan** - Program and Process Controls - **Do** - Process Management - **Check** - Monitoring for Results - **Act** - Continuous Learning ### **Self Check** The following are some self-check questions to test your understanding of the common elements of safety management systems. **Question 1** > What is the purpose of an SMS? > - To determine who is responsible for incidents. > - To minimize and manage safety risks. > - To improve the safety of equipment and machinery in the workplace. > - To ensure new employees are aware of hazards in the workplace. **Question 2** > The commitment of an organization's leaders to the SMS is usually spelled out in a [blank]: > - Mission statement. > - Vision statement. > - Organizational chart. > - Annual report. **Question 3** > Like all management systems, a safety management system includes which of the following elements: > - Quality and security assessments. > - Environmental impact of hazards. > - Continuous improvement process. > - Audited financial statements. ## **Topic 3: Roles and Responsibilities In The Safety Management Systems** ### **Leaders and Managers** Professional engineers have a duty to protect the public in the work they do. Leaders and managers, with the support of employees, have an essential role to play to ensure the SMS works effectively. Leaders and managers must: - Set up the SMS and provide methods to improve it. - Regularly review the SMS and make changes when required. - Provide effective training to staff for any safety measure or procedure. - Establish a safe and healthy environment for all employees. - Control the identified hazards, risks, and unsafe behaviours in the workplace. - Ensure that management systems are properly resourced, established, communicated, and supported at every level in the organization. ### **Employees** The SMS is not just the concern of an organization's leaders and managers. Employees have responsibilities under the SMS. They must: - Participate in identifying and reporting hazards. - Find effective ways to control identified risks and hazards. - Be involved in safety measures. - Follow the organization's safety rules and procedures. - Help find corrective and preventative actions for safety issues. - Talk about safety openly. ### **Training and Orientation** Employee orientation and training are an integral part of an organization's SMS. Training should be provided to all employees regularly. Training should cover: - The facility's main safety features. - Hazards that have been identified in the surrounding environment. - The reporting procedure for injuries and incidents. - Emergency preparedness and response procedures. - First-aid procedures. - The rights and responsibilities of different functions within the organization. ### **Self Check** The following are some self-check questions to test your understanding of roles and responsibilities in safety management systems. **Question 1** > Orientation and training are an important part of an organization's SMS. What topics should safety training cover? Select all that apply. > - The organization's reporting structure. > - Emergency preparation and response procedures. > - Reporting procedure for injuries and incidents. > - Attendance at work. > - Hazards that have been identified in the surrounding environment. **Question 2** > Of the following groups, which is primarily responsible for setting up an organization's SMS and providing the resources to implement it and improve it? > - The organization's CEO and executive team. > - The safety officer. > - Engineers. > - All employees are equally responsible. **Question 3** > Under the SMS, employees have certain responsibilities to ensure safety in the workplace. Which of the following are an employee's responsibility? Select all that apply. > - Participate in identifying and reporting hazards. > - Avoid talking about safety with other employees. > - Leave safety measures to the safety officer. > - Follow the organization's safety rules only if they make sense. > - Help find corrective and preventative actions for safety issues. ## **Topic 4: Safety Management Systems in Action** ### **An SMS Success** SUBSAFE, a program developed by the US Navy, is an example of an SMS that has created a much safer work environment. Since SUBSAFE's implementation in 1963, no SUBSAFE-certified submarine has ever been lost. Even when incidents happen, having an effective SMS in place can help avoid a disaster. This was clearly illustrated in the January 8, 2005 incident aboard the USS San Francisco, a nuclear submarine. The crew was able to surface the vessel and return it to base under its own power. The success of SUBSAFE demonstrates how an effective SMS, one that is properly documented, communicated and complied with, can save lives, reduce injuries, and prevent incidents. ### **When Safety Systems Fail: The Lac-Mégantic Disaster** The Lac-Mégantic disaster illustrates the importance of establishing an effective safety management system and ensuring all elements are in place and complied with. The Transportation Safety Board (TSB) investigation into the Lac-Mégantic disaster found the organization's (MMA) management system to be lacking. ### **Lac-Mégantic Cont.** The Transportation Safety Board (TSB) investigation into the Lac-Mégantic disaster found many indicators of a weak safety culture at the Montreal, Maine & Atlantic Railway Company. The TSB's final report noted a number of deficiencies in the way the company managed safety, including: - The absence of an internal safety auditing process. - Weaknesses in the process for ensuring adequate employee training. - Weaknesses in the Operational Tests and Inspections program, which limited its effectiveness in identifying areas of non-compliance. - Inconsistently used risk assessment processes. The TSB concluded that the tragedy in Lac-Mégantic was not caused by one single person, action or organization. Addressing the safety issues will take a concerted effort from regulators, railways, shippers, tank car manufacturers, and refiners in Canada and the United States. ### **Self Check** The following are some self-check questions to test your understanding of safety management systems in action. **Question 1** > Orientation and training are an important part of an organization's SMS. What topics should safety training cover? Select all that apply. > - The organization's reporting structure. > - Emergency preparation and response procedures. > - Reporting procedure for injuries and incidents. > - Attendance at work. > - Hazards that have been identified in the surrounding environment. **Question 2** > Of the following groups, which is primarily responsible for setting up an organization's SMS and providing the resources to implement it and improve it? > - The organization's CEO and executive team. > - The safety officer. > - Engineers. > - All employees are equally responsible. **Question 3** > Under the SMS, employees have certain responsibilities to ensure safety in the workplace. Which of the following are an employee's responsibility? Select all that apply. > - Participate in identifying and reporting hazards. > - Avoid talking about safety with other employees. > - Leave safety measures to the safety officer. > - Follow the organization's safety rules only if they make sense. > - Help find corrective and preventative actions for safety issues. ## **Module Summary** This concludes the leadership and management systems module. You have learned about: - The general concepts, terminology, and elements of safety management systems. - Approaches to safety management systems in different industries. - The roles and responsibilities of leaders, managers, and engineers with respect to safety management. - The principles of safety management systems. - What can happen when safety management systems are not in place.