Week 4 - Art History Part 1.pdf

Week 4 Art History – Part 1 Review of the Previous Lesson (Subject and Content) Quiz No. 3  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline A)ART PERIODS AND MOVEMENT B)CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ART PERIOD C)POPULAR ARTIST AND MAJOR ARTWORKS D)SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENTS ...

Week 4 Art History – Part 1 Review of the Previous Lesson (Subject and Content) Quiz No. 3  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline A)ART PERIODS AND MOVEMENT B)CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ART PERIOD C)POPULAR ARTIST AND MAJOR ARTWORKS D)SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENTS  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist Significant Movement and Major Historical Artworks Events Stone Age Cabe painting, Lascaux Cave Ice Age ends (30,000 BCE – fertility Painting, Venus (10,000 BCE – 2500 BCE) goddesses, of Willendorf, 8,000 BCE) New megalithic Stonehenge Stone Ages and structure first permanent settlement (8000 BCE-2500 BCE)  Stone Age (30,000 BCE – 2500BCE) Venus of Willendorf - Oldest surviving three-dimensional depiction of human body, 8000 to 10,000 years older than the images at Lascaux - This might be a fertility goddess or a goddess that brings prosperity and good fortune. - one of the famous surviving Neolithic-style structure in Southern England. Lascaux Caves in the south of France -considered the most exquisite and well-preserved examples of prehistoric culture. - Paint used were a mixture of grounded colored rocks and organic matter with tree sap and sometimes animal blood as binder  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Mesopotamian Warrior art and Standard of Ur, Sumerians (3500BCE- narration in Gate of Ishtar, invent writing 539BCE) stone relief Stele of (3400BCE); Hammurabi’s Hammurabi Code writes his law code (1780 BCE); Abraham found monotheism  Mesopotamian (3500 BCE – 539 BCE) Standard of Ur Stele of Hammurabi’s Code Gate of Ishtar  Mesopotamian Art Mesopotamian art – features a distinctive style in the sculptures. Portal Guardians Presented as animals (real or imagined) or animals with human heads This is the most impressive works created by Mesopotamian sculptures.  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Egyptian Art with an Imhotep’s Step Narmer unites (3100BCE- afterlife focus: Pyramid, Great Upper/Lower 30BCE) pyramids and Pyramids, Egypt (3100 tomb Temple of BCE); paintings; Rameses, the Rameses II massive, Great Sphinx battles monumental structures  Egyptian (3100 BCE – 30 BCE) Temple of Rameses II Great Sphinx of Giza Pyramid of Giza The pyramids of Giza - were royal tombs built for three different pharaohs. The northernmost and oldest pyramid of the group was built for Khufu, the second king of the 4th dynasty. Called the Great Pyramid, it is the largest of the three. - The name of the 3 pyramids are: Khufu (originally 481 feet high, and sometimes called Cheops, or the Great Pyramid); Khafre (471 feet); and Menkaure (213 feet). Temple of Rameses II - Abu Simbel is a temple built by Ramesses II (1279-1213 B.C.E.) in ancient Nubia, where he wished to demonstrate his power and his divine nature. Four colossal (65 feet/20 meters high) statues of him sit in pairs flanking the entrance. Great Sphinx of Giza - The Egyptians built sphinx statues to guard important areas such as tombs and temples. - The statue with a lion's body and a human head adorned with a royal headdress was carved from a single piece of limestone. - One of the largest and oldest statues in the world.  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Greek and Greek Parthenon, Athens defeats Hellenistic Idealism: Myron, Phidias, Persia and (850BCE- balance, Polykleitos, Marathon (490 31BCE) perfect Praxiteles BCE); proportions; Peloponnesian architectural orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian)  Greek and Helenistic (850 BCE – 1 BCE) Parthenon, Temple of Athena Myron Phidias Polykleitos Praxiteles  3 Orders of Greek Architecture The Doric order of Greek architecture was first seen towards the beginning of the 7th century BCE, causing many to think of it as the oldest order, as well as the simplest and most massive. Ex: Parthenon, The Temple of Hephaestus, The Temple of the Delians The Ionic Order originated in Ionia, a coastal region of what is now called Turkey. It is characterized mainly by the scroll-like ornaments that appear on Ionic column capitals known as volutes, as well as the column base supports that are not featured on Doric columns. Ex: The Heraion of Samos, The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The Corinthian Order does not have its origin in wooden architecture, having grown directly out of the Ionic Order in the mid-5th century BCE. Taking its name from the city of Corinth, the Corinthian Order can be distinguished from the Ionic Order by its more ornate capitals carved with stylized acanthus leaves. Greek Architecture  3 Distinct Styles of Greek Sculpture Archaic style –a more naturalistic portrayal of the human body (stiff and rigid) Classical style –realistic and includes representation of movement Hellenistic style - resulted from centuries of Greek studies of the human form  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Roman Roman Realism: Augustus of Julius Caesar (500 BCE-CE476) practical and Primaporta, assassinated down to earth, Collosseum, (44BCE); the arch Trajans Column, Augustus Pantheon proclaimed Emperor (27BCE); Diocletian splits Empire (CE292); Rome falls (CE476)  Roman (500 BCE – CE 476) Augustus of Primaporta Trajan’s Column Pantheon Colloseum  Romans invented the Roman Arch that helped to make bridges and aquaducts responsible for water run into the towns and allowed to create Roman baths. This was built for entertainment that can accommodate approximately 50,000 people Gladiator fights, naval battles and even prosecutions were held in this arena.  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Hindu, Chinese, Serene, Gu Kaizhi, Li Birth of Buddha and Japanese meditative art, Cheng, Guo Xi, (563 BCE); Silk (653 BCE – and Arts of the Hokusai, road opens (1st CE1900) Floating World Hiroshige century BCE); Buddhism spreads to China (1st-2nd centuries BCE) and Japan (5th Century BCE) Hindu, Chinese and Japanese (653 BCE – CE 1900) Hindu Art Gu Kaizhi Li Cheng Hokusai painting painting  Chinese Art Chinese arts encompasses fine arts, folk arts and performance arts Artist and Artisans in Ancient China relied heavily on the patronage of the imperial court and the aristocracy. The Hindu Art Reflects a plurality of beliefs. Characterized by holy symbols: Om – invocation of the divine consciousness of God Swastika – a symbol of auspiciousness Lotus flower – a symbol of purity, beauty, fertility, and transcendence  Japanese Arts Japanese art has frequently been complicated by the definitions and expectations established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Japanese arts covers a wide range of art styles and media, including pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, ukiyo-e paintings and woodblocks prints, kirigami, origami, dorodango, and manga. kirigami origami manga  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Byzantine and Heavenly Hagia Sophia, Justinian partly Islamic Byzantine Andrei Rublev, restores (476 CE – mosaics, Mosque of Western 1453CE) Islamic Cordoba, the Roman Empire, architecture Alhambra Iconoclasm and amazing Controversy, maze-like Birth of Islam design and Muslim Conquest  Byzantine and Islamic Arts 476 CE- 153 CE Byzantine art is about religious expression and more specifically about church theology translated into aesthetic forms. Alhambra Palace Hagia Sophia Andrei Rublev Mosque of Cordoba  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Middle Ages Celtic art, St. Sernin, Viking Raids; (500-1400) Carolingian Durham, Notre Battle of Renaissance, Dame, Chartres Hastings; Romanesque, Cimabue, Crisades I-IV; Gothic Duccio, Giotto Black Death; Hundred Years War  Middle Ages (500-1400) European considered the period after the fall of Rome as a “Middle” or even “Dark Ages”. In this period there is no scientific accomplishments had been made. Durham Cathedral Notre Dame Basilica of St. Sernin Catehdral  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Movement Major Artworks Historical Events Early and High Rebirth of Classical Ghiberti’s Doors, Gutenberg invents Renaissance Culture Brunelleschi, movable type; Turks (1400-1550) Donatello, Boticceli, conquer Leonardo, Michael A Constantinople, ngelo, Raphael Columbus land in new world, Martin Luther starts Reformation  Early and High Renaissance (1400-1550) “Renaissance” literally means rebirth and describes the revival of interest in the artistic achievements of the classical world where the people moved away from the religion-dominated Middle Age to the plight of man in society. “Individual expression” and “worldly experience” are the two main themes of Renaissance David by Donatello Birth of Venus by Botticelli  The Beginnings of Art: Timeline Arts Period and Characteristics Popular Artist Significant Movement and Major Historical Artworks Events Venetian and The Renaissance Bellini, Giorgione, Council of Trent Northern spreads Titian, Durer, ad Counter Renaissance northward to Bruegel, Bosch, Reformation, (1430 - 1550) France, the Low Jan van Eyck, Copernicus Countries, Roger van der proves the Earth Poland, Germany Weyden revolves around and England the Sun  Venetian and Northern Renaissance (1430-1550) “Nothern Renaissance” was famous for it’s advanced techniques in oil painting, realistic, expressive altarpiece art, wooden panel paintings, woodcuts and printmaking. Stone sculpture was not very popular. Portrait of a Young Man in Through the looking Red by Bellini glass by Van Eyck Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Mannerism Art that breaks the Tintoretto, El Grecco, Magellan (1527-1580) rules; artifice over Pontormo, Bronzino, circumnavigates the nature Cellini globe In “Mannerism” paintings and compositions can have no focal points and space can be ambiguous. The figures can be presented by an athletic bending and twisting with distortions, exaggerations, elongation of the limbs, bizarre posturing on one hand , graceful posturing on the other hand, and rendering of the head as uniformly small and oval. Summer by Tintoretto St. Luke by El Greco Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Baroque Splendor and flourish Reubens, Thirty Year’s War (1600-1750) for God; art as a Rembrandt, between Catholics weapon in the Caravaggio, Palace of and Protestants religious wars Versailles (1618-1648) The word “Baroque” describes something that is elaborate and highly detailed. The most important events of the Baroque era were the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation closely linked to the Catholic church. Baroque style is characterized by exaggerated motion and clear detail used to produce drama, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting , architecture, literature, dance and music. Chiaroscuro technique refers to the interplay between light and dark, to produce a very-high contrast, dramatic atmosphere. Palace of Bacchus by Versailles Caravaggio Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Neoclassical Art that recaptures David, Ingres, Enlightenment (18th (1750-1850) Greco-Roman grace Greuze, Canova century); Industrial and grandeur Revolution (1760- 1850) “Neoclassical painting and sculpture ” involved an emphasis on austere linear design in the depiction of classical events, characters and themes. Discoveries on series of archeological buried Roman cities and the published engravings of Roman monuments helped scholars establish a more accurate chronology for Greco-Roman art. Napoleon at St. Cupid and Psyche by Bernard Pass Antonio Canova by Ingres Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Romanticism The triumph of Gaspar Friedrich, American Revolution; (1780-1850) imagination and Gericault, Delacroix, French Revolution; individuality Turner, Benjamin Napoleon crowned West emperor of France Liberty leading the People by Delacroix Caernarvon Castle by Turner  Romantic Artists – visual and literary glorified things which are not tangible nor physical – these are felt on a more personal and highly Abstract subjective level. Complex concepts ❖ Liberty ❖ Peace ❖ Survival ❖ Hope ❖ Heroism ❖ despair  Aside from presenting intangible ideas, Romanticism may also be characterized by what it stood against. Spiritual over Science Instinct over Deliberation Nature over Industry Democracy over Subjugation Rusticity over Aristocracy. Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Realism Celebrating working Corot, Courbet, European (1848-1900) class and peasants; Daumier Millet democratic en plein air rustic revolutions of 1848 painting Realist rejected Romanticism and dominated French literature and art in the late 18th century. Realists wanted to portray real people in real situations with truth and accuracy. Realist artists portrayed everyday subjects and situations in contemporary settings, and aimed to depict individuals of all social classes in a similar manner. Passanti inuna via di The Gleaners Parigi by Daumier by Millet Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Impressionism Capturing fleeting Monet, Manet, Franco- Prussian War (1865-1885) effects of natural Renoir, Pissaro, (1870-1871); light Cassatt, Morisot, Unification of Degas Germany Impressionism is a style of painting that emerged in the mid to late 1800’s. Impressionism emphasizes an artist’s immediate impression of a moment or scene, communicated through light and reflection, short brushstrokes, and separation of colors San Giorgio Maggiore at Dancer Tilting by Dusk by Monet Degas Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Post Impressionism A soft revolt against Van Gogh, Gauguin, Belle-Epoque (late (1885-1910) Impressionism Cezanne, Seurat 19th century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905) Post-Impressionism bridged the gap between the restrictive techniques in the Impressionist period and emphasis on geometry in modern art Contrary to Impressionists, Post-Impressionist art not only used nature, architecture or particular daily life moments but extended to scene from daily life to still life. Wheatfield with Crows Mont Sainte-Victoire and the Viaduct of the Arc River Valley Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Events Fauvism and Harsh colors and flat Matisse, Kardinsky, Boxer Rebellion in Expressionism surfaces (Fauvism); Munch China; World War (1900-1935) Emotion distorting (0914-1918) form Fauvism is a term used to denote the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect. Fauve artists used pure, brilliant color applied straight from the paint tubes to create bright effects Expressionism is an artistic style in which the artist attempts to portray not objective reality but the subjective emotions and responses. The artist accomplishes this through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy through application of formal elements. Harmony in Red by Matisse Large Red Horses By Franz Marc Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Major Significant Historical Artworks Ev7jents Cubism, Futurism, Pre-and Post World War I Picasso, Braque, Leger, Russian Revolution Supremativism, art experiments: new Boccionio, Severini, (1917); American women Constructivism, De Stijl forms to express modern Malevich franchised (1920) (1905-1920) life Cubism is an artistic movement created by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque which employs geometric shapes in depictions of human and other forms creating a pure level of visual abstraction. Futurism is an Italian art movement that took speed, technology and modernity as its inspiration portraying the dynamic character of the 20th century. It was a self-invented art movement. The Weeping Woman by Violin and Pablo Picasso candlestick by Georges Braque Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Historical Events Major Artworks Dada and Surrealism Ridiculous art; Duchamp, Dali, Disillusionment after worldwar I ; (1917-1950) painting dreams and Ernst, Magritte, de The Great Depression (1929-1938); exploring the Chirico, Kahlo World War II(1939-1945) and Nazi unconscious horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945) Dadaism was the first conceptual art movement where the focus of the artist was not to create pleasing objects but create works that upended bourgeois sensibilities. Surrealism aims to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of the imagination. Surrealists hoped that the human psyche had the power to reveal the contradictions in the everyday world and spur on revolution. The Fountain by Marcel The Peristence of Duchump Memory by Salvador Dali Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Historical Events Major Artworks Abstract Expressionism Post World War II: Gorky, Pollock, de Cold War and Vietnam war (US (1940s-1950s) and Pop pure abstraction and Kooning, Rothko, enters 1965); USSR suppresses Art (1960s) expression without Warhol, Lichtenstein Hungarian revolt (1956) form; popular art Czechoslovakian revolt (1968) absorbs consumerism Abstract Expressionism also known as Action Painting or Color Field Painting with characteristic messiness and energetic application of paint. This is also referred to as gestural abstraction. Pop Art is a movement marked by a fascination with popular culture reflecting the affluence of post-war society. Pop Art is a direct descendant of Dadaism. Autumn Rhythm by Jackson Marilyn Monroe by Pollock Andy Warhol Arts Period and Movement Characteristics Popular Artist and Significant Historical Events Major Artworks Post Modernism and Art without a center Gerhard Richter, Nuclear freeze movement; Cold Deconstructivism and reworking and Cindy Sherman, War fizzles; Communism (1970) mixing past styles Anselm Kiefer, Frank collapses in Eastern Europe and Gehry, Zara Hadid USSR (1989-1991) Postmodern art refers to a group of movements that began in the late 1950s and early 1960s that used familiar images from consumer , pop culture and mass media to confront or question art and society. Postmodern artists includes minorities and women who were not previously part of the art establishment. Orders of the Night by Anselm Abstract Art by Kiefer Gerhard Richter 15 mins BREAK  Instrumental Music is a musical composition that is without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals. B. History of Instrumental It is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments. Music Instrumental music marked the beginnings of the elements of harmony, rhythm and melody that made music beautiful. Philippine Art History refers to Filipino works of art that have developed in country from the beginning of it’s civilization up to the present era.  Medieval Music Medieval Music Secular music with notated Gregorian Chant and Plainsong (1150-1400) manuscripts showing which are monodic or written as connections with the church, one musical line organum indicated the beginning of harmony Music was primarily vocal. Rhythm was not notated. Instruments were used to accompany vocal lines or to improvise instrumental dances. Popular genres during this period were sacred vocal music such as plainchant, masses, motets, secular vocal songs  Renaissance Music Renaissance Music Increased freedom in music 15 century composers include (1400-1600) showed harmony and polyphony; Dunstable, Ockegehm, composers still devoted to choral Desperas and Dufay writing 16th century composers include Dowland. Byrd, Gibbons and Tallis Music was usually performed by vocal groups. Instrument music included ensembles and solos Polyphonic texture as predominantly used. Voices were blended by having musical lines present the same musical phrase.  Baroque Music Baroque Music Choral music no longer dominated the Most popular composers were (1600-1750) era; the idea of the modern orchestra Moteverdi, Corelli, Schutz, Purcell, was born; violin, viola, cello and Lully, Bach, Handel, Teleman, harpsichord were invented; important Couperin, Scarlatti and Vivaldi advances in all musical groups Vocal and instrumental music were both prominent and ensembles became popular Strings were the main section of the chamber orchestra; woodwinds and brass were used for solo effect. Energetic, driving rhythm, major and minor melodies were frequently used, and emotion was frequently expressed through melodic devices during this period. Baroque was often polyphonic and forms included the sonata, suite, concerto grosso, oratorio, cantata, opera and fugue.  Classical Music Classical Music Sonata form : development of Famous composers were (1750-1830) modern concerto, symphony, trio Friedman, Christian, Haydn, and quartet; obsession with Mozart, Beethoven and structural clarity Schubert Rococo set the stage for the emergence of the Classical style. Rococo was characterized by delicate, frivolous expression designed more to please than to excite the listener. The Classical period developed expanded instrumental forms such as sonata, allegro and rondo forms The symphony orchestra was organized, which had four sections – strings, woodwind, brass, and percussion. The harpsichord was seldom used.  Barley and Late Romantic Music Barly Romantic Music Golden age of Virtuoso; attempts to Leading composers wer Berloiz, (1830-1860) balance the expressive and the Chopin, Mendelssohn, Schuman, formal in music Liszt and Verdi Late Romantic Music Composition in terms of emotional (1860-1920) content and dramatic continuity The Romantic era is characterized by chamber music ensembles, large symphony orchestras, opera companies, and piano as performing mediums. Rhythmic complexity and changing tempos; and the increased technical facility of virtuoso performers led to faster tempos during this time.  Modern Music Modern Music Diverse Style Noted composers were (1920-1960) Debussy, Ravel, Schoenberg and Cage Composers of this period have pulled in various directions that lead listeners to experiment in order to discover if certain composers suit their particular taste in music or not. The two foremost composers of this period are Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel who were excelled in works for piano and orchestra. Debussy’s famous composition is the Piano work Clair de Lune Ravel’s famous composition is the orchestral work Bolero. Activity 4 – Individual Activity Still-life Painting Rubric Art Project Outcomes Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic 5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 2 pts Skill & Craftsmanship Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic The artwork shows outstanding The artwork shows good The artwork shows average The artwork shows minimal craftsmanship,with clear attention to craftmanship, with some attention to craftmanship and average attention craftmanship and little attention to control, adaptation, selection and control, adaptation, selection and to control, adaptation, selection and control, adaptation, selection and experimentation of medium/media. experimentation of medium/media. experimentation of experimentation of medium/media. Technical skill is excellent according Technical skill is very good according medium/media.Technical skill is Technical skill is limited according to the goals of the assignment. to the goals of the assignment. average according to the goals of the the the goals of the assignment. assignment. Creativity & Originality Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic The artwork demonstrates original The artwork demonstrates some The artwork demonstrates an average The artwork demonstrates little personal expression and outstanding personal expression and logical amount of personal expression. personal expression and problem problem solving skills. problem solving skills. solving skills. Contrast Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic Possesses a wide range of values that Possesses a range of values that Possesses a moderate range of Possesses a limited range of values fully ehance the composition. largely enhance the composition. values, thoug some maybe too dark that do not enhance the composition. Demonstrates an excellent Demonstrates a good understanding or light and detract from the Demonstrates a basic understanding understanding of the use of of the use of value/contrast. composition. Demonstrates a of the use of value/contrast. value/contrast. average understanding of the use of value/contrast. Composition Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic Composition is complex. Compostion is very good. Composition is average in its Composition lacks sufficient Demonstrates an understanding of all Demonstrates a broad knowledge of complexity. Demonstrates an average complexity. Demonstrates limited or nearly all of the Elements and most of the Elements and Principles. knowledge of the Elements and knowledge of the Elements and Principles. Principles. Principles. Quote for the Week