Week 4 and 5__Introduction to Philosophy and Ethics 2.pptx

CMPS 200 Introduction to philosophy Weeks 4 and 5 JUNAID QADIR  Today’s agenda: 1 Relationship of ethics and philosophy 2 Types of philosophical frameworks 1 Relationship of ethics and philosophy On worldviews and value systems The worldview is...

CMPS 200 Introduction to philosophy Weeks 4 and 5 JUNAID QADIR  Today’s agenda: 1 Relationship of ethics and philosophy 2 Types of philosophical frameworks 1 Relationship of ethics and philosophy On worldviews and value systems The worldview is implicit and is often followed unwittingly What we believe drives what we perceive c k ? A ra u Ad bbi t? 2 Introduction to philosophy and ethics  Plato Socrates Aristotle 428–348 BC 470–399 BC 384–322 BC  “The safest general characterization of the European philosophical Socrates wrote no tradition is that it consists of a series books and his of footnotes to Plato.” thoughts are only Alfred North Whitehead, Process known through the works of Plato and Reality;  Values and ethics & morality Autonomy Community Divinity Our values also follow from our beliefs Does morality have an objective reality? Sophists vs. Socrates & Plato 2016 Living a good life—What does it entail? Born 341 BC Born 384 BC The four common ethical frameworks Duty based + Stresses promotion of happiness + Stressed role of duty and human - Ignores concerns of justice for dignity minorities - Understates happiness and social utility + Stressed moral development and education + Motivates morality - Depends on homogeneous standards - Offers minimal morality Utilitarianism vs. deontology (duty-based ethics) These differ on whether the end justifies the means (utilitarianism or consequentialism) or the end does not justify the means (deontology)  Utilitarianism consequentialist [or greater good] ethics  Utilitarianism consequentialist [or greater good] ethics This can lead to persecution and injustice Deontology (duty-based ethics) Deon means duty The duties can be figured through reason (Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe …) “the starry heavens above Immanuel me Kant and the (1724—804) moral law within me”. ology requires following the categorical impe Deontology can help eliminate hypocricy “Asked if it is not hypocritical to punish Burma for human rights violations while refraining from sanctions on China for similar actions, Albright replied, ‘We have consistent principles and flexible tactics’.” “flexible tactics” or hypocrisy? the categorical imperative can also be harm (can harm utility and human welfare)  For in everything it is no easy task to find the middle … anyone can get angry – that is easy – or give or spend money; but to do this to the right person, to the right extent, at the right time, with the right motive, and in the Aristotle right way, that is not for everyone, nor is it easy;  Resources https://www.youtube.com/ playlist? list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNgK6MZucdYldNkM ybYIHKR ?? n s / s t io ? s ? u e ion Q fus C o n