Week 3-Florence Nightingale's Life (PDF)

ENVIRONMENTAL THEOR Y FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE  OBJECTIVES Identify the 13 canons of nursing as presented by Florence Nightingale. Discuss the major concepts important to nursing as defined by Nightingale. Explain the importance and application of Nightingale's prop...

ENVIRONMENTAL THEOR Y FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE  OBJECTIVES Identify the 13 canons of nursing as presented by Florence Nightingale. Discuss the major concepts important to nursing as defined by Nightingale. Explain the importance and application of Nightingale's propositions and contributions to nursing practice, research and education  DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORY The development of nursing theory has provided direction for the structure of professional nursing practice, education and research. the introduction of nursing theory historically begins with Florence Nightingale.  conceptual and theoretical nursing models generate knowledge that will: – a. improve nursing practice – b.guide nursing approach – c. facilitate the organization of the curricula for all levels of nursing education. Born- 12 May 1820 in Florence, Italy Privately educated by father. Inclined to care for sick She attended nursing programs in Kaiserwerth, Germany in 1850 and 1851.  She worked as the Nursing superintendent at the Institution for care of sick gentlewomen in distressed circumstances, where she instituted many changes to improve patient care.  Called to Turkey, during Crimean war.  Her work proved successful in decreasing the mortality rate in the war. Established the Nightingale school of nursing at St. Thomas hospital, King’s College in London  Founder of modern nursing and the first nursing theorist.  Books:  Notes on Nursing: What it is, what it is not (1860)  Notes on hospitals (1863)  Sick-Nursing and Health-Nursing (1893) Died:13th August 1910 in London.  nurse statistician- she was known in pioneer graphic display of statistics and selected a fellow of the royal statistical society 1858, she was also the first nurse researcher- gave her a dependence of observable data to support her position Awards first woman to be granted Order of Merit, Royal red cross by Queen Victoria of Great Britain 13 canons of florence Nightingale 1. VENTILATION AND 3. PETTY WARMTH MANAGEMENT: Keeping patient, 2. HEALTH OF  Continuity of the patient’s room warm HOUSES: care, when the Keeping patient’s nurse is absent This canon includes room well ventilated Documentation of five essentials of- and free the plan of care and Pure air, Pure water, of odors. all evaluation will Efficient drainage, Keep the air within ensure others give Cleanliness, Light as pure as the air the same care to external air/without the client in your noxious smells. absence.  4. NOISE: 5. VARIETY: Provide variety in the 6. FOOD INTAKE: Avoidance of patient’s room to help him/her avoid boredom sudden/startling Assess the diet of and depression. noises.  This is accomplished by the client. Keeping noise in cards, flowers, pictures, Documentation of general to a books or puzzles amount of foods minimum. (presently known as and liquids ingested Refrain from diversional therapy) at every meal. Encourage significant whispering outside others to engage with the the door. client.  7. FOOD: 9. LIGHT: Instructions include 8. BED AND BEDDING:  Assess the room trying to include for adequate light. patient’s food  Comfort measures Sunlight works preferences. related to keeping the best. Attempt to ensure bed dry, wrinkle-free  Develop and that the client always and at the lowest implement has some food or height to ensure the adequate light drink available that client’s comfort without placing the he/she enjoys. client in direct light. 10. CLEANLINESS OF 11. PERSONAL 12. CHATTERING ROOMS/WALLS: CLEANLINESS: HOPES AND ADVICES:  Assess the room for Keeping the patient Avoidance of talking dampness, darkness clean and dry at all without reason or and dust or mildew. times giving advice that is  Keeping the  Frequent without fact. environment clean assessment of Continue to talk to the (free from dust, dirt, client’s skin is client as a person. And to stimulate the client’s mildew and needed to maintain mind dampness) adequate moisture Avoid personal talks  13. OBSERVATION OF THE SICK: Making and documenting observations. Continue to observe the client’s surrounding environment.  Nursing as a PROFESSIONProfession- a calling in which itsmembers profess to have acquired special knowledge by training or experience, or both so that they may guide, advise or saveothers in that special field   Nursing theory was used primarily to establish the profession's place in the university.They enter practice EDUCATION as generalists. They care for individuals, families of all ages in homes, hospitals, schools, long term care facilities, out patient clinic and medical offices. RESEARCH - nursing research identifies the philosophical assumptions or theoretical frameworks from which it proceeds- new theoretical perspectives provide an essential service by identifying gasps in the way we approach specific fileds of study such as symptoms management or quality of life PRACTICE -the primary contribution of nursing theory when employed in a clinical setting is the facilitation of reflection, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do.- nursing theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making in nursing practice  HISTORICAL ERAS OF NURSING RESEARCH HISTORICAL ERAS OF NURSING RESEARCH  1. CURRICULUM ERA ( 1900 - 1940 ) What CONTENT the nurse should study to learn how to become a nurse What COURSES the nursing student should take Moving nursing education from hospital based College and Universities emerge COURSE SELECTION and CONTENT for nursing program 2. RESEARCH EMPHASIS ERA ( 1960-1970) Focused on the research process and the long range goal acquiring substantive knowledge to guide nursing practice. Nurses sought degrees in higher education Awareness for the need of concept and theory develoment coincided with two other milestones. – a. standardization of CURRICULA FOR NURSING MASTERS EDUCATION – B. DOCTORAL EDUCATION FOR 3. GRADUATE EDUCATION ERA ( 1960 - 1970’s ) Tandem with the research era transition from vocation to profession Masters degree program for nursing emerged to meet the need BACCALUAREATE DEGREE began to gain wider acceptance. a. Education level for 4. THEORY ERA ( 1980-1990’s) A natural outgrowth of the research and graduate education eras emphasis on theory development and testing. Accelerated as early works developed as frameworks for curricula and advanced practice guide began to be recognized as theory Transition from pre-paradigm to paradigm. Paradigm ideas and beliefs of a group TWO PHILOSOPHICAL BRANCH OF KNOWLEDGE RATIONALISM VER SUS EMPIRICISM more on theory. more on experience DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND PROFESSION  DISCIPLINE is a specific academia and a branch of education, a department of learning and a field of knowledge PROFESSIONAL ; refers to specialized field of practice , which is founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and the accompanying field of practice  Nursing as a PROFESSION It is a calling in which its members profess to have acquired special knowledge by training or experience, or both so that they may guide, advise or save others in that special field.  DIFFERENT MEANING IN THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING 1. Assumption- A statement that specifies a connection or relationship of factual concepts or phenomena.  Ex. All patients who are not able to take good care of themselves need nurses. 2. Concept - An idea formulated by the mind, an experience perceived and observed (justice, love, war, disease) 3. Conceptual framework- shows the relationship between the variables of your study. It includes a visual diagram or a model that summarizes the concepts of your study and a narrative explanation of the model presented  4. Parsimony - has been used in the context of. quatitative research and qualitative research methodology, there is a distinct absence of writing that actually explores, seeks to define, understand, critique, apply and/or evaluate the concept in qualitative research literature 5.Conceptual model- of nursing provides a particular and distinct frame of reference through which people, their environment, and their health are perceived. Its main function is to provide a framework for reflection, observation, and interpretation of phenomena and, specifically, it provides guidelines and guidance for aspects of clinical practice.  PHILOSOPHY of research EPISTOMOLOGY : Theory of ONTOLOGY: Study of being. Knowledge. Logos “study Greek ontos “ to be “. of”. What counts as nature, What counts as knowledge existence, feelings, reality, ( is worthy of knowing ) being and becoming. How the people know what what is the ultimate nature they know? How did they of thing? come to know it?  METAPARADI GM set of concepts and propositions that sets forth the phenomena with which a discipline is concerned. A metaparadigm is the most general statement of a discipline and functions as a framework in which the more restricted structures of conceptual models develop.  Health has different meanings for each patient, the clinical setting, and the health care profession. It is dynamic and continuously changing. Your challenge as a nurse is to provide the best possible care based on the patient’s level of health and health care needs at the time of care delivery. Environment/situation includes all possible conditions affecting patients and the settings in which their health care needs occur. There is a continuous interaction between a patient and the environment. This interaction has positive and negative effects on the person’s level of health and health care needs. Factors in the home, school, workplace, or community all influence a patient’s level of health and health care needs. Nursings is the “… diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems …” (American Nurses Association, 2010). The scope of nursing is broad. For example, a nurse does not medically diagnose a patient’s health condition as heart failure. However, a nurse will assess a patient’s response to the decrease in activity tolerance as a result of the disease and develop nursing diagnoses of fatigue, activity intolerance, and ineffective coping. From these nursing diagnoses the nurse creates a patient-centered plan of care for each of the patient’s health problems. Use critical thinking skills to integrate knowledge, experience, attitudes, and standards into the individualized plan of care for each of your patients. WHAT IS NURSING SCIENCE?  Nursing is an art caring for a sick and well WHAT IS NURSING SCIENCE? individual. It refers to the dynamic skills and methods in assissting sick and well individual.in the recovery and in the promotion and Nursing as a maintenance of health. science is the body of abstract knowledge arrived It is the scientific through scientific knowledge and research and logical skills in assisting analysis. individual to achieve optimal health