Week 2.3 Theoretical Foundation of Community.pdf

Theoretical Foundation of Community Health Nursing CER PAU Characteristics of a Man 1. Man is a biological being: a living organisms from birth to death 2. Man as a system: as a whole which function as a whole by virtue of the interdependence of its part ( with input and output) 3. Man...

Theoretical Foundation of Community Health Nursing CER PAU Characteristics of a Man 1. Man is a biological being: a living organisms from birth to death 2. Man as a system: as a whole which function as a whole by virtue of the interdependence of its part ( with input and output) 3. Man as a psycho-social well-being: man is capable of rational and logical thinking which makes him merciful, compassionate, and kind. 4. Man as a spiritual being: the unity of body, mind and spirit 5. Man is an individual with reparative process to deal with disease and desirous health (Florence Nightingale) 6. Man is functioning biologically, symbolically and socially who performs SELF-CARE in maintaining life, health and well-being. (Dorothea Orem)  7. All people have certain needs which they endeavor to meet in order to maintain integrity or homeostasis (Sister Callista Roy) 8. Man is a whole, complete and independent being who has 14 fundamental needs (Henderson) BEEMS-DM-KACWWPL General System Theory It is applicable to the different levels of the community health nurses’ clientele: individual, families, groups or aggregates and communities. It is viewed as an open system; the client is considered a set of interacting elements that exchange energy, matter, or information with external environment to exist (Katz and Kahn 1966). The family and the group are set of interrelated individuals. This concept is particularly useful when analyzing interrelationships of the elements within the client as well as those of the client. The family home and the community and its institution make up its immediate environment and are therefore important aspects to be considered in the assessment of the family health status. The nurse observes interpersonal relationships among the members and appraises the physical environmental conditions in the home. An interview with the family members may reveal how the family relates to the larger system-the community and the structures in the community such as health agencies. The family gets inputs of matter (e.g., food, water), energy (e.g., sunlight, and electricity), information (e.g., news on community events, health teaching, which resources are taken from its environment. The outputs refer to material products, energy and information that results from the family’s processing (throughput) of inputs. The health practices and the health status are examples of outputs. Feedbacks is information from the environment directed back to the system, which allows the system to make the necessary adjustment for better functioning Social Learning Theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self- Actualization Self-Esteem Love and Belongingness Safety and Security Physiologic  Health-Illness Continuum Models DUNN’S HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS GRID: describes a health grid in which a health axis and an environmental axis intersect  TRAVIS’ ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM ranges from high-level wellness to premature death. it demonstrates two arrows pointing in opposite directions and joined at a neutral point. Leavell and Clark  HEALTH BELIEF MODEL refers to the relationship between person’s belief and his behavior in health. a.Susceptibility to an illness b.Seriousness of an illness c.Threat of an illness Milio’s Framework for Prevention ⎯ The framework provides that the health status existing in the population occurs due to too little or excess critical health sustaining resources whereby people who are have enough and safe food, shelter, water and environment are vulnerable to infectious diseases which too much food will lead to obesity. Pender’s Health Promotion Model Pender’s Health Promotion Model explores many biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities The Transtheoretical Model The TTM combines several theories of intervention It is based on the assumption that behavior change takes place over time, progressing through a sequence of stages. PRECEDE-PROCEED Model It provides a model for community assessment, health education, planning, and evaluation. PRECEDE stands for: ✓ P- predisposing ✓ R-reinforcing ✓ E- enabling ✓ C-construct ✓ E- educational ✓ D diagnosis ✓ E- Evaluation PROCEED ✓ P- policy ✓ R- regulatory ✓ O- organizational ✓ C-construct ✓ E-educational ✓ D- developmental Predisposing factors refer to a people’s characteristic that motivate them towards health –related behavior It is applicable to the different levels of the community health A. The Transtheoretical Model nurses’ clientele: individual, families, groups or aggregates and communities. It is based on the assumption that behavior change takes B. Milio’s Framework for Prevention place over time, progressing through a sequence of stages. It provides a model for community assessment, health C. General System Theory education, planning, and evaluation. It is based on the belief that learning takes place in a social D. Social Learning Theory context, that is, people learn from one another and that learning is promoted by modeling or observing other people. The framework provides that the health status existing in the E. PRECEDE-PROCEED Model population occurs due to too little or excess critical health sustaining resources whereby people who are have enough and safe food, shelter, water and environment are vulnerable to infectious diseases which too much food will lead to obesity. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition References