Week_2_What-is-Interaction-Design-1.pdf

W2: THE DESIGN & INTERACTION DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN INTERACTION INTRODUCTION Some of HCI is focused on understanding the academic study of the way people interact with technology. However, a large part of HCI is about doing things and making things – design. ...

W2: THE DESIGN & INTERACTION DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN DESIGN INTERACTION INTRODUCTION Some of HCI is focused on understanding the academic study of the way people interact with technology. However, a large part of HCI is about doing things and making things – design.  THE design What is Generally speaking, it is the process of envisioning and planning the creation of objects, interactive systems, buildings, vehicles, etc. It is user-centered, users are at the heart design of the design thinking approach. https://www.strate.education › gallery › news › design-...  Need to take into account: What To  Who the users are  What activities are being carried out  Where the interaction is taking place design Need to optimise the interactions users have with a product  Match the users activities and needs  THE design Understanding users’ needs  Need to take into account what people are good and bad at  Consider what might help people in the way they currently do things  Listen to what people want and get them involved  Use tried and tested user-based methods  THE design GOOD or BAD DESIGN www.baddesigns.com One problem with these elevator controls is that the labels on the bottom row look like pushbuttons. So when you want to open the elevator door, you accidently push the "DOOR LABEL OPEN" label instead of the pushbutton next to it. The top row of pushbuttons doesn't seem to have this problem. One solution to this problem would be to put the labels on the pushbuttons, rather BUTTON than beside the pushbuttons.  THE design Which is the best way to interact with a smart TV? APPLE REMOTE · MINUUM KEYBOARD · STANDARD REMOTE  Interaction design What is Designing interactive products to support people in their everyday and working lives interaction Sharp, Rogers and Preece (2002) The design of spaces for human communication and design interaction Winograd (1997) Interaction design is about creating interventions in often complex situations using technology of many kinds including PC software, the web and physical devices.  Interaction design Goals of interaction design USABLE · EASY TO LEARN · EFFECTIVE · ENJOYABLE EXPERIENCE · INVOLVED USER  Interaction design Evolution of HCI ‘interfaces’ 60 50 80 90 00 70 Interface at the interface at the Interface at the Interface at the work Interface becomes hardware level for programming level - interaction dialogue setting - networked widespread engineers - switch COBOL, FORTRAN level - GUIs, systems, groupware (RF tags, Bluetooth panels multimedia technology, mobile devices, consumer electronics, interactive screens, embedded technology)  Interaction design From HCI to Interaction Design Human-computer interaction (HCI) is “concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them” (ACM SIGCHI, 1992, p.6) Interaction design (ID) is “the design of spaces for human communication and interaction” Winograd (1997) Increasingly, more application areas, more technologies and more issues to consider when designing ‘interfaces  Interaction design Relationship between ID, HCI and other fields Psychology Graphic design HCI Engineering Product design Human Factors Ergonomics Artist-design Cognitive Engineering Informatics Cognitive Ergonomics Social Sciences Industrial design Computer Supported Computing Sciences Film industry Co-operative Work Information Systems ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES CONTRIBUTING TO ID DESIGN PRACTICES CONTRIBUTING TO ID FIELDS THAT ‘DO’ INTERACTION DESIGN  Interaction design How easy it IS to work in multidisciplinary teams ? More people involved in doing interaction design the more ideas and designs generated…but… The more difficult it can be to communicate and progress forwards the designs being created  Interaction design Interaction design in business NIELSEN NORMAN GROUP The Nielsen Norman Group is an American computer user interface and user experience consulting firm, founded in 1998 by Jakob Nielsen and Don Norman. “help companies enter the age of the consumer, designing human-centered products and services”. SWIM INTERACTIONS Swim is a San Francisco-based design consultancy. Founded by Gitta Salomon in 1996, : “provides a wide range of design services, in each case targeted to address the product development needs at hand”. IDEO-DESIGN COMPANY IDEO is a design and consulting firm with offices in the U.S., England, Germany, Japan, and China. It was founded in Palo Alto, California, in 1991. The company uses the design thinking approach to design products, services, environments, and digital experiences.  Interaction design INTERACTION DESIGNERS People involved in the design of all the interactive aspects of a product USABILITY ENGINEERS People who focus on evaluating products, using usability methods and principles WEB DESIGNERS People who develop and create the visual design of websites, such as layouts INFORMATION ARCHITECTS people who come up with ideas of how to plan and structure interactive products What do USER EXPERIENCE professionals do in DESIGNERS people who do all the above but who may also carry out field studies to inform the design of products the ID business ?  Interaction design What is involved in the process of interaction design Identify needs and establish requirements Develop alternative designs Build interactive prototypes that can be communicated and assessed Evaluate what is being built throughout the process  Interaction design Core characteristics of interaction design Users should be involved through the development of the project Specific usability and user experience goals need to be identified, clearly documented and agreed at the beginning of the project Iteration is needed through the core activities  Interaction design Usability goals EFFECTIVE TO USE SATISFYING EFFICIENT TO USE FUN SAFE TO USE ENJOYABLE HAVE GOOD UTILITY ENTERTAINING EASY TO LEARN HELPFUL EASY TO USE MOTIVATING AESTHETICALLY PLEASING User experience goals  Interaction design Design principles Generalizable concepts for thinking about different features of design The do’s and don’ts of interaction design What to provide and what not to provide at the interface Derived from a mix of theory-based knowledge, experience and common-sense  Important  VISIBILITY Interaction   FEEDBACK CONSTRAINTS Design  AFFORDANCES  MAPPING  CONSISTENCY Principles  Interaction Design Principles Visibility This is a control panel for an elevator. How does it work? Push a button for the floor you want? Nothing happens. Push any other button? Still nothing. What do you need to do? www.baddesigns.com  Interaction Design Principles …you need to insert your room card in the slot by the buttons to get the Visibility elevator to work! How would you make this action more visible? Make the card reader more obvious Provide an auditory message, that says what to do (which language?) Provide a big label next to the card reader that flashes when someone enters MAKE RELEVANT PARTS VISIBLE MAKE WHAT HAS TO BE DONE OBVIOUS www.baddesigns.com  Interaction Design Principles Feedback Sending information back to the user about what has been done Includes sound, highlighting, animation and combinations of these e.g. when screen button clicked on provides sound or red highlight feedback: PREVIEWS PREVIEWS  Interaction Design Principles Constraints Restricting the possible actions that can be performed Helps prevent user from selecting incorrect options Three main types (Norman, 1999) Physical Constraints Cultural Constraints Logical Constraints  Interaction Design Principles constraints Physical constraints Refer to the way physical objects restrict the movement of things  Interaction Design Principles constraints Logical constraints Exploits people’s everyday common sense reasoning about the way the world works Logical or ambiguous design? Where do you plug the mouse? Where do you plug the keyboard? Top or bottom connector? Do the color coded icons help? www.baddesigns.com  Interaction Design Principles How to design them more logically constraints A) Provides direct adjacent B) Provides color coding to mapping between icon and associate the connectors connector with the labels  Interaction Design Principles constraints cultural constraints A A mechanism for putting knowledge in the world by adhering to a known convention Cultural constraints rely on learned conventions Specific Cultural Constraints Precise detail B Universal Cultural Constraints Once accepted by more than one cultural groups, they become universally accepted conventions. They cannot be change easily C  Interaction Design Principles Affordances Refers to an attribute of an object that allows people to know how to use it e.g. a mouse button invites pushing, a door handle affords pulling Norman (1988) used the term to discuss the design of everyday objects Since has been much popularized in interaction design to discuss how to design interface objects e.g. scrollbars to afford moving up and down, icons to afford clicking on  Interaction Design Principles Mapping Relationship between controls and their movements and the results in the world Which is a poor mapping of control buttons? A B  Interaction Design Principles Consistency A Design interfaces to have similar operations and use similar elements for similar tasks For example: always use ctrl key plus first initial of the command B for an operation – ctrl+C, ctrl+S, ctrl+O Main benefit of consistent interfaces are easier to learn and use C  Interaction Design Principles Consistency Internal consistency refers to designing operations to behave the same within an application Difficult to achieve with complex interfaces External consistency refers to designing operations, interfaces, etc., to be the same across applications and devices Very rarely the case, based on different designer’s preference  Interaction Design Principles INTERNAL Consistency Internal consistency refers to consistency with other elements in the system—your logo is the same online and in print, signs within a park are consistent with one another.  Interaction Design Principles External Consistency External consistency means having the same aesthetic design or performance across multiple systems.  Interaction Design Principles Design Principles revisited Visibility Placing the controls in a highly visible location Feedback Provision of information about the result of an action Constraints Restricting the actions to prevent selecting incorrect options Mapping Relationship between controls and their effect in the world Affordances Properties of an object that indicate how it can be used Consistency Internal consistency refers to designing operations to behave the same within an application External consistency refers to designing operations, interfaces, to be the same across applications and devices