Week 2 F2024.pdf

Spa Health & Safety Welcome week 2 / Microbiology Kent Jones 1 Lesson Basic understanding of Microbiology Objectives week 2 2  Bacteria Fungi Viruses Parasites...

Spa Health & Safety Welcome week 2 / Microbiology Kent Jones 1 Lesson Basic understanding of Microbiology Objectives week 2 2  Bacteria Fungi Viruses Parasites 3   Bacteria are one-celled Micro organisms that have both plant and animal characteristics.  A microorganism is any organism of Microscopic or sub microscopic size.  Some bacteria are harmful (pathogenic) and some are harmless (non-pathogenic). Bacteria  Bacteria can exist almost anywhere: on skin, in water, in the air, decayed matter, on environmental surfaces, in body secretions, on clothing, or under the free edge of nails.  1500 rod-shaped bacteria can fit on the head of a pin  Bacteria can double every 20 minutes (room temperature) 4   Non-Pathogenic  Most bacteria or non-pathogenic in other words they are Pathogenic harmless organisms that may perform useful functions. They are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm. For example, non-pathogenic bacteria are used to make yoghurt and cheese and some medicines. In vs. the human body, non-pathogenic bacteria help the body break down food and protect against infection. They also stimulate the immune system. Non- Pathogenic  Pathogenic  Pathogenic bacteria are harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body. Salons, spas, medical facilities, and schools must maintain strict standards for cleaning and disinfecting at all times to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. 5 Classifications of Bacteria 6   Bacteria have three distinct shapes that help to identify them.  1. Cocci: Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly(alone) or in the following groups.  Staphylococci: Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like grapes; cause abscesses, pustules, and boils  Streptococci: Pus-forming bacteria arranged in Classifications curved lines resembling a string of Beads; cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning. of Bacteria  Diplococci: Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.  2. Bacilli: Short, rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common and produce diseases such as tetanus (lock jaw), influenza, typhoid, tuberculosis, and diphtheria. Most common type of bacteria  3. Spirilla: Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria. They are subdivided into subgroups: Treponema papillida, which causes syphilis (an STD), or Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes lime disease. Please reference MSE Chapter 5 – page 80 and 81 for diagrams of different shapes. 7   When seen under a microscope, bacteria look like tiny bags.  They generally consist of an outer cell wall that contains liquid called protoplasm. Bacterial  Bacterial cells manufacture their own food through Growth & what they absorb from the surrounding environment. Reproduction  They give off waste products, grow, and reproduce.  The lifecycle of bacteria consists of two distinct phases the active stage in the in-active or spore forming stage. 8  ACTIVE STAGE  During the active stage bacteria grow and reproduce.  Bacteria thrive and multiply best in warm, dark, damp or dirty places. Bacterial Growth &  When bacteria reaches its largest size it then begins to divide into two cells. Reproduction  It only takes between 20 to 60 minutes for bacteria to reach their full size / bacteria can double every 20 minutes ACTIVE  The cells that are formed are called daughter cells. STAGE  This process continues to repeat itself 9  IN-ACTIVE STAGE  Certain bacteria, such as anthrax or tetanus bacilli coat Bacterial themselves with wax like outer shells.  By doing so these bacteria are able to withstand long Growth & periods of famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. Reproduction  In this stage, spores are not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold. IN-ACTIVE  When favourable conditions are restored, the spores then can change into the active form they once were and then begin to STAGE grow and reproduce again.  Therefore, even bacteria in the inactive stage can ultimately be a threat to the spread of disease or infection in the salon. 10  Viruses  infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.  A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria.  Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity (wiki) 11  Viruses  A virus is a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproductive function.  Viruses cause common colds and other respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Other viruses that plague humans are:  Measles  Mumps  Chickenpox  Smallpox  Rabies  yellow fever  Hepatitis B & C  Polio  Influenza  HIV which causes AIDS  Covid-19 12  Viruses / Bloodborne Pathogens  Disease causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis B & C and HIV  These can be spread in salons, spas, and medi- spas through performing (to name a few):  Facials  Microdermabrasion  Chemical Peels  Waxing  Extractions  Tweezing  Tattoos  Anything that breaks the skin. 13   Fungi are microscopic plant parasites that include mold, mildew’s, and yeasts  They can produce contagious diseases, such as athletes foot (name?), nail fungus (name?).  MILDEW – this is another type of fungus, that affects plants or grows on an animate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon.  Fungi obtain nourishment from dead organic matter or from living organisms (HOST) Fungi  It’s important to note that most fungi are non- pathogenic and make up many of the body’s normal flora 14   Folliculitis AKA folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, barber’s itch  Folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs as a result of shaving or other epilation methods  It will present as deep, inflamed or non-inflamed patches of skin on the face or the nape of the neck and anywhere hair grows Fungi 15   Parasites are organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism  That organism or person is referred to as the host  Parasites must have a host to survive  Parasites can live on or inside of humans and animals  Humans can acquire parasites by eating fish or meat that has not been cooked properly Parasites  Parasites that affect humans on or in the skin include things like head lice, ticks, fleas, mites and likes to name a few 16   Immunity is the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. Immunity against disease can either be natural or acquired and is a good sign of good health  Natural immunity is partly inherited and Immunity partly developed through healthy living.  Acquired immunity is immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation [such as flu vaccinations] or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed 17  Q&A Lesson Complete Week 3 / microbiology impact on PSS Week / Quiz 1 Good luck. 18