Week 2 - Definition of Health - Part 2 PDF

CHAPTER 1 The Definition of Health – Part 1 Zak Callaway PhD, MPHTM Science Division, MUIC Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.  Health Status (1 of 2) Fig 1.2 Components of Hea...

CHAPTER 1 The Definition of Health – Part 1 Zak Callaway PhD, MPHTM Science Division, MUIC Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.  Health Status (1 of 2) Fig 1.2 Components of Health and Well Be  Individual’s state of  Optimal health and well- health and wellness being include: Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com  Mental and physical  Considers: health  Presence of disease  Happiness and life and disability satisfaction  Self-rated  Meaning and purpose assessments of:  Character and virtue  Physical, mental,  Close social relationships and social health  Degree of meaning and purpose in their life  Measuring Health Status Fig 1.3 Scientific Measures of Health Status  Assess status of group such as:  People living in particular region  People of a certain age Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com  People with a disease or disability  Incidence of health condition  Number of people in group who experience condition in a given period of time (usually a year) – e.g., incidence of breast cancer in U.S. is 200,000/yr  Prevalence of health condition  Total number of people in group affected by condition at time of measurements – e.g., in 2019, prevalence of breast cancer in U.S. was  Figure 01.F04: Health Care Quality Comparisons Among High Income Countries. Health: United States The United States consistently ranks well below these high-income countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.  Richest nation; more Nobel Prizes in physiology and Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com medicine than any other country but…  Compared to individuals in peer countries, Americans have:  Shorter life expectancy  More mothers dying when giving birth  More people with chronic Figure 1.5 Healthcare Cost Comparison Among High Income Countries. diseases Data from OECD (2019), Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/4dd50c09-en  Higher healthcare costs OECD is the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, oecd.org  Reasons for Higher Healthcare Costs in the United States  Little or no cost for medical care in most other high-income countries Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com  Average per-person cost of pharmaceuticals 2X > peer countries (USD1200)  In 2000, gov’t made it illegal to negotiate drug prices  Unhealthy living habits common  Higher levels of poverty than peer countries  Communities more likely than in peer countries to be designed around automobiles arthritis Anti-depressant antacid ED Anti- inflammat ory  Healthy People 2030 (1 of 4)  Set of federal health objectives issued every 10 years  Main goals: Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com  Promote, strengthen, and evaluate efforts to improve health of all people  Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy  Provide data to drive targeted actions that address regions and populations with poor health or at high risk for poor health in the future  Distribute across national, state, tribal, & community levels & public, private, & not-for-profit sectors responsibility for promoting & achieving health and well- being  Develop and make available financially affordable means of health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment  Healthy People 2030 (3 of 4)  Examples of objectives:  Reduce consumption of Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com calories from added sugars in population 2 years and older https://www.obesityaction.org/resources/fo od-marketing-to-children-a-wolf-in-sheeps- clothing/  Healthy People 2030 (3 of 4)  Examples of objectives:  Reduce proportion of persons Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com unable to obtain or delay obtaining medical care  Reduce firearm-related deaths (2023  42,967 deaths)  Increase proportion of retail food store delis where foods displayed or stored hot are held at proper temperature  Healthy People 2030 (4 of 4)  Recognizes families, schools, worksites, communities, states, and national organizations must help individuals behave Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com healthfully by:  Asking individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices  Providing:  Quality education, housing, and transportation  Health-promoting social and physical environments  Access to quality medical care  Health Issues of North American College Students  23,000,000 attend colleges in North Am; 2/3