Health, Wellness, and Illness NUR 101 2018 PDF

Health, Wellness, and Illness NUR 101 2018 JUST/School of Nursing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h Qxg2rR_Aao&feature=youtu.be 1 11/04/24  Objectives...

Health, Wellness, and Illness NUR 101 2018 JUST/School of Nursing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h Qxg2rR_Aao&feature=youtu.be 1 11/04/24  Objectives  Differentiate health, wellness, and well-being.  Describe five dimensions of wellness.  Compare various models of health.  Identify factors affecting health status, beliefs, and practices within the context of the Jordanian culture.  Describe factors affecting health care adherence.  Differentiate illness from disease and acute illness from chronic illness.  Describe effects of illness on individuals and family members' roles and functions in Jordan. 2 11/04/24  Definitions  Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease  Illness: the unique response of a person to a disease  Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual 3 11/04/24  Health – Presence or absence of disease – Nightingale: a state of being well and using every power the individual posses to the fullest extent. – WHO: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity – ANA: a dynamic state of being in which the developmental and behavioural potential of an individual is realized to the fullest extent possible 4 11/04/24  Health  Health: the combination of Physical, Mental, Emotional, Social, and Spiritual Well- Being. Each persons level of Health affects every component of their life. 5 11/04/24  Personal Definitions of Health  Health is a highly individual perception.  A person's definition of health influences behaviour related to health and illness  Most people define health as the following: – Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible – Being able to be active and to do what they want or must – Being in good spirits most of the time 6 11/04/24  Wellness  Wellness is a state of well being – Basic concepts of wellness:  Self-responsibility  Ultimate goal  A dynamic growing process  Daily decision making in the areas of nutrition, stress management, physical fitness, preventive health, emotional health, and other aspects of health  The whole being of the individual 7 11/04/24  Wellness Component of wellness:  Physical  Intellectual  Emotional  Social  Spiritual  Environmental aspects  Occupational 8 11/04/24  Components of Wellness 9 11/04/24 1 11/04/24  Components of Wellness  Physical  adequate nutrition, fitness ‫ لياقة بدنية‬, avoid smoking and alcohol  Social  Successfully interact with others, maintain intimacy ‫ألفة‬  Emotional  Manage stress ‫ضغط‬, express emotions appropriately 1  Intellectual 11/04/24  Components of Wellness  Spiritual  Provide meaning and purpose of life  Occupational  A balance between work and leisure time  Environmental : 1  improve standard 11/04/24 of living ( water,  Well-Being A subjective perception of vitality and feeling well…can be described objectively, experienced, and measured… and can be plotted on a continuum (Hood& leddy, 2002, p.264) 1 11/04/24  Why nurses need to clarify their definition of health and well-being  Nurses’understanding of health and well- being determines – nature and scope ‫ نطاق‬of nursing practice – People’s health beliefs influence their health practices. Thus nursing care plan should be related to client’s belief system not nurse’s belief system. When nurses understand the individual’s definition of health nurses can provide meaningful nursing care to maintain, 1 regain or attain a state of health 11/04/24  Models of Health and Illness  Clinical model (the absence of signs & symptoms of disease)  Role performance model (person ability to perform)  Adaptive Model (disease is a failure in adaptation)  Eudemonistic Model (health is a condition of actualization or realization of a person`s abilities). 1 11/04/24  Models of Health and Illness  Agent-Host-environment Model (The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors).  Health illness continua (Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum).  The 4+ model of wellness (inner self spritual, physical, intellectual, emotional) plus the outer system) 1 11/04/24  Health- Illness Continua Model  A gradual scale of individual’s perception of the level of wellness  Health and illness are viewed as opposite ends on the scale  People move back and forth within this continuum day by day 1 11/04/24  Variables Influencing health Status, Beliefs, and Practices  Internal variables: – Biologic dimension:  Genetic makeup  Sex  Age  Developmental level – Psychological dimension:  Mind-body interactions.  Self-Concept. 1 11/04/24  Variables Influencing health Status, Beliefs, and Practices  Internal variables: – Cognitive dimensions  Life style – Behaviors and activities over which people have control. – Risk factors: have negative effect on health – Healthy lifestyles: regular exercise, weight control, avoidance of fat & Alcohol, use of seat belt and helmet, dental checkup. (see box17-3 p.301 for healthy life style choices)  Spiritual and religious beliefs can you think of exmaples ??? 1 11/04/24  Variables Influencing health Status, Beliefs, and Practices  External variables: – Environment  Geographical location, pollution, radiation, chemicals. – Standards of living  Occupation, income, education – Family and cultural belief  Affect how person perceive, experience, and cope with health and illness, home remedies, abuse. – Social support network  Help people to avoid illness 2 11/04/24  Health Belief Models  These models help to determine ‫تحديد‬ whether a person is likely to participate in disease prevention and health promotion. Thus these models help to develop programs to help people to maintaining healthy lifestyle and have more positive attitudes ‫ مواقف‬toward preventive health measures 2  Among these models 11/04/24 is Health Locus ‫ موضع‬of  Health Belief Models: Health Locus of Control Model (LOC)  clientsbelieve whether their health under their own control  People who believe that health is self- determined are called internals. These people are – more likely to take initiative on their health care – More knowledgeable about their health – Maintain healthy lifestyle 2 11/04/24  Health Care Adherence  Adherence is defined as the extent to which an individual’s behaviors coincides with medical or health advice  Adherence can range from complete following of the therapeutic plan to disregarding all medical recommendations 2 11/04/24  Health Care Adherence  To enhance adherence nurses need to – Ensure that the client able to perform the activities – understands the instructions – Willing to participate in the plan of care and value the planned outcomes 2 11/04/24  Health Care Adherence Factors influence adherence – Client motivation to become well – Perceived severity of health care problem – Degree of life style change necessary – Value placed on reducing the threat of illness – Difficulty in understanding and performing specific behaviour 2 11/04/24  Health Care Adherence Cont Factors …. – Inconvenience of illness or regimen – Side effect, complexity and duration of the therapy – Cultural heritage – Satisfaction and relationship with health care providers – Cost of therapy. – Beliefs that the prescribed therapy will or will not help 2 11/04/24  How to manage nonadherence  Findout why client is not following the regimen – Reason : Misconception, psychological problems – re-evaluate suitability of health advice – Re-pattern and restructure of the care  Demonstratecaring by showing respect and concern about client’s health 2 11/04/24  How to manage nonadherence (continu..)  Use aids to reinforce teaching: pamphlet, pill calendar  Establish therapeutic relationship of freedom, mutual understanding & responsibility with the client and support persons by providing knowledge, skills and information the nurse gives clients ; – control over their health 2 – Establish cooperation 11/04/24  Illness and disease  Illness: – A highly personal state in which the person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished. – It is highly subjective. – May or may not be related to disease  Disease: – Alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal lifespan – It has a causal factor/s “etiology” – There are many diseases for which the etiology is unknown 2 11/04/24  Illness and disease  Illness and disease can be classified as: – Acute: Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time  appear abruptly, subside quickly;  May or may not require medical interventions  Most people return to their normal level of wellness  e.g. appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold – Chronic Illness: last for an extended period (6 months or longer)  Often for the person’s life  Slow onset with periods of remission (symptoms disappear) and periods of exacerbation (symptoms reappearance).  e.g. DM, HTN 3 11/04/24  Illness Behaviours  When people become ill, they behave in certain way.  How people behave when they are ill is highly individualized and affected by many variables.  A coping mechanism, involves ways individuals describe, monitor, and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system. 3 11/04/24  Illness Behaviors (Cont)  Suchman’s five stages of illness (not all clients progress at each stages) 1. Symptom experiences 2. Assumption of the sick role 3. Medical care contact 4. Dependent client role 5. Recovery or rehabilitation 3 11/04/24  Effect of Illness  Impact on client: – Behavioral changes – Emotional changes – Life style changes – Self-concept and body image changes – Family interaction changes  Impact on family: – Role changes – Financial problems – Change in social customs – Increase stress – Task reassignment – loneliness 3 11/04/24  Summary  Notion of health are highly individual ; nurse needs to determine the client's perception of health.  Health status of a person is affected by many internal and external variables.  Various models have been developed to explain health.  When people become ill, they behave in certain way. 3 11/04/24   Lecture record link  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQxg2rR _Aao&feature=youtu.be 3 11/04/24