Week 2 - Communication PDF

Week 2 - communication Thursday, 14 March 2024 8:21 am Communication: Cells have developed a complex mechanism of communication that can receive, transfer an within the cell in response to the message Chemical signalling: The main difference between the signalling categories is the distance that the...

Week 2 - communication Thursday, 14 March 2024 8:21 am Communication: Cells have developed a complex mechanism of communication that can receive, transfer an within the cell in response to the message Chemical signalling: The main difference between the signalling categories is the distance that the signal t target cell - Autocrine: (a cell targets itself) It occurs during the early development of an organism to ensure cells dev tissue/function - Signalling across gap junction: (a cell targets a cell connected by gap junction) Allows a group of cells to work together and respond to a signal that only received. (jap junction is the connections between plasma membranes and neighbo - Paracrine: (a cell targets a nearby cell) Moving by diffusion through the extracellular matrix, making quick respon briefly - Endocrine: (a cell targets a distant cell through the bloodstream) Originating from the endocrine cell, they usually produce a slower respon lasting effect Process of cell signalling: - Cells receive the message which is the signal reception - Information transferred across plasma membrane. Intracellular signal tra - Changes produced within cell in response to message. Cellular respo Homeostasis: The state of steady internal condition maintained by living thing - Cells make up the body systems - body systems maintain homeostasis - homeos the survival of cells Some variables that are controlled within a small range to maintain homeostasis are: Body temp, nutrients, o2, CO2, pH, water and electrolytes set point: - Physiological value around the normal range fluctuates. A normal range means the re that is optimally healthy and stable - Control centre within the brain and body monitor and react to deviations from homeo feedback Negative feedback: (most common) - Mechanism that reverses a deviation basically cancelling out the original signal which parameters nd produce change travels to reach the velop into the correct y one of them oring cells) nse yet only lasting nse but has a longer ansduction onse stasis is essential for estricted set of values ostasis using negative h maintains the bodies that is optimally healthy and stable - Control centre within the brain and body monitor and react to deviations from homeo feedback Negative feedback: (most common) - Mechanism that reverses a deviation basically cancelling out the original signal which parameters - Components: - Sensor that monitors a physiological value, resulting to the control centre - Control Centre compares the value to normal range and can activate an effecto - Effector reverses the situation returning the value to its normal range Positive feedback: (rare) - Intensifies the change in the body's physiological condition, resulting in more of a cha range - Normal in the body only when there is an end point long distance communication: The endocrine system and the nervous system are primarily responsible for maintaini within the body Endocrine system: - Slower and long-term adaptations within the body, using hormones as the messenger - Long-distance intercellular communication, coordination, and control critical for hom - Hormones are circulated within the blood and only act on tissue that have specific rec Consisting of: - Cells, tissues, organs that secrete hormones as either primary or secondary func - Some endocrine glands also have non-endocrine functions eg. The pancreas has digestion and cells that secrete hormones that regulate blood glucose levels. Hormones: - They travel throughout the bloodstream but will only go to its target cells with t hormone - One they have bound to the receptor, a chain of events is initiated leading to th response - Playing a critical role in regulation of physiological processes due to the target c How the system works: - An endocrine gland, tissue or cell releases its hormone into the surrounding flui - To then be transferred around the body by fluid or blood vessels - Binding with receptors on its target cell, acting as a lock and key pro receptor only allows molecules with specific shape to bind ostasis using negative h maintains the bodies or ange from the normal ing homeostasis rs meostasis ceptors ctions s cells functioning in that specific receptor he target cell's cell responses id ocess where the - Playing a critical role in regulation of physiological processes due to the target c How the system works: - An endocrine gland, tissue or cell releases its hormone into the surrounding flui - To then be transferred around the body by fluid or blood vessels - Binding with receptors on its target cell, acting as a lock and key pro receptor only allows molecules with specific shape to bind - The binding triggers a response in the target cell depending o cell itself. Eg activation of enzymes Regulation of hormone secretion: - The hormone levels must be tightly controlled to prevent abnormal hormone le - Its maintained by balancing hormone production and degradation using feedba Insulin: - Lowers blood glucose by taking up glucose from the blood - Increased glucose uptake and use glucose storage. Inhibits breakdown of stored skeletal muscles, adipose tissue and muscles cell responses id ocess where the on the hormone and evels ack loops d glucose both in our