WEEK 1&2 topics (part 1 of 2).pdf

The Differences Between the Supply Chain and Logistics Global supply chains are essential to worldwide commerce, and the underlying logistics involved in sending, receiving, moving, and storing goods is central to that success. It’s no surprise that the terms “supply chain” and “logistics” have beco...

The Differences Between the Supply Chain and Logistics Global supply chains are essential to worldwide commerce, and the underlying logistics involved in sending, receiving, moving, and storing goods is central to that success. It’s no surprise that the terms “supply chain” and “logistics” have become conflated and are often confused with each other. Despite some individuals and organizations using the words interchangeably, there are many important differences between the functions, capabilities, inputs, and outputs of each. The quickest distinction to make is that supply chains are responsible for the overall sourcing, processing, and delivery of goods to the end customer, while logistics specifically focuses on moving and storing goods between different supply chain organizations. We’ll break everything down and explain the key differences between logistics and the supply chain. Logistics is a Subsection of the Supply Chain The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals states that logistics is, “part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer’s requirements.” Logistics is a Part of the End-to-End Supply Chain Process The most important distinction is that logistics is a distinct part of the supply chain and is essential to good supply chain performance. A supply chain may have many different types of logistics and logistics companies within it, all dedicated to helping the supply chain run smoothly. However, each logistics operation is only responsible for a unique and self-contained part of the supply chain. Logistics Plans, Implements, and Controls Because logistics providers are responsible for their part of the supply chain, they will:  Plan how to move goods from one place to another, store those goods, and produce the right information and documents for efficient reporting and processing  Implement the movement and storage of goods using multiple types of transport and arranging for short- or long-term storage  Control how goods move, through fleet management, shipment tracking, technology, sharing information and working with partner organizations in the supply chain  Drive up value for supply chain partners Logistics Moves Goods from Place to Place Good logistics management is all about efficient transport and storage. Logistics providers use a variety of land, air, and ocean assets to move goods quickly and efficiently. They take advantage of containerization for moving goods between types of transportation, known as “intermodal” transport. Logistics Stores Goods Until They Are Needed Elsewhere Once goods have reached their destination, logistics providers will store them in warehouses or other facilities. They will keep goods until they are needed further down the supply chain, whether that’s another supply chain organization or for delivery to an end customer. Logistics Distributes Products to the End Customer Some logistics businesses specialize in distribution—delivering goods to the final customer, typically known as “Last Mile Delivery.” Types of Logistics Organizations Essentially, if goods are being transported or stored, that’s a logistics process. There are many types of logistics businesses, including:  In-house logistics: Some wholesalers, retailers and other large organizations may have their own in-house logistics function  Logistics Service Providers (LSPs): Companies that provide management over the flow of goods and materials between points of origin to end-use destination. The provider will often handle shipping, inventory, warehousing, packaging and security functions for shipments.  Third-party logistics (3PL): These are specialist logistics providers who offer a suite of services to a range of clients, for example freight by air, rail or road, or specialized transport and storage facilities, like cold storage  Reverse logistics: These organizations specialize in returning products to manufacturers, for example if they are defective or the customer did not want the item  Warehouse providers: Some logistics businesses only store goods and don’t get involved in transportation  Courier shipping: These logistics providers deliver products to end customers and specialize in last mile deliveries In short, logistics is a limited, distinct part of a larger, collaborative supply chain network.  Supply Chains are the Overarching Framework for Sourcing, Manufacturing and Supplying Products Now that we understand what logistics is, it’s worth expanding our scope and looking at what the overall supply chain actually represents. The supply chain represents the connections and collaborations between suppliers, manufacturers, logistics businesses, wholesalers, retailers and end customers. The supply chain process starts when an organization gets an order for a product or service, and finishes when that product or service is successfully delivered to the end customer. Supply chain management is a function that oversees and directs the manufacture, transportation and delivery of goods and services between their origin and their final destination. Supply Chain Management Works Across Multiple Organizations The overall supply chain brings together multiple partners to source, manufacture, transport, store, supply and sell goods:  Suppliers: Produce raw materials or parts that can be manufactured into products  Manufacturers: Create parts or products from raw materials and other inputs  Logistics: Transports and stores goods as they move through the supply chain  Wholesalers: Purchases goods for onward distribution to stores or other sales outlets  Retailers: Sells finished products to end customers Supply Chain Management Can Also be Responsible for Other Areas Supply chain management often controls other aspects of the order, inventory and supply chain process.  Fosters collaboration and partnerships: Provides links and better ways for different supply chain organizations to work together  Inventory management: Identifying when the stock of particular products is falling and arranging to procure new items  Order management: Raising orders with suppliers, manufacturers and other organizations in the supply chain  Order, asset and shipment tracking: Following the flow of orders, goods and other assets through the global supply chain  Visibility: Reporting on the flow of goods through the supply chain  Troubleshooting: Identifying and resolving issues with the speed, cost, quality or other aspects of goods moving through the supply chain Ultimately, a strong supply chain provides a competitive advantage to every organization that’s involved. While the overall supply chain is responsible for marketplace success and revenues, logistics plays a critical, central role in ensuring raw materials, parts and finished products flow smoothly through the global supply chain. B. Objectives and Functions of Supply Chain Management To maximize quality, customer satisfaction, and profitability, the entire production flow of goods and services is managed through supply chain management (SCM). It involves everything, from the delivery of the finished product to clients. We’ll look at the objectives and functions of supply chain management in this post. What is Supply Chain Management? Supply chain management is the management of the entire manufacturing flow of a good or service, from the procurement of raw materials to the delivery of the finished product to the customer. The product is transferred from raw material suppliers to businesses that interact directly with customers through a network of suppliers. At its most basic level, SCM is the control of the movement of materials, information, and funds associated with a good or service, from acquiring raw materials to delivering the good at the ultimate location. SCM systems of the future are digitally based and incorporate material handling and software for all parties involved in the creation of goods, the fulfilment of orders, and the tracking of information, including suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, carriers, and retailers Objectives of Supply Chain Management Below, we’ve covered a few of the crucial SCM objectives.  To increase the total value created – The success of the supply chain increases with increasing SCM profitability. The profitability of the supply chain is the difference between the price a consumer pays for a product and what it costs an organization to make and deliver that product to the customer.  Price and quality: improvement is yet another crucial supply chain management objective. Cost-quality optimization and balancing are the goals.  To look for the cost and revenue sources-The only source of revenue comes from the customer; therefore, seek those sources as well. As a result, the movement of information, goods, or money should be managed appropriately. It is essential to the supply chain’s success.  Speeding up the ordering process-SCM attempts to cut down on the time needed for ordering and completing orders.  Delivery improvement-The SCM attempts to satisfy the customer’s requests for guaranteed delivery of high-quality goods at competitive prices and with short lead times.   Demand satisfaction-Managing demand and supply is an essential yet tricky responsibility for a business or management staff. Its goal is to satisfy consumer demand with adequate resources.  Flexibility-SCM strives towards flexibility. A supply chain that is well-managed offers flexible planning and improved control mechanisms.  Improved Distribution-SCM wants to guarantee better distribution. The efficiency of the distribution side can be maximized. If a marketer or distributor uses all the tools correctly, they can achieve optimal level distribution.  Cost reduction-Another goal of SCM is to lower a company’s overall cost to achieve service level requirements. These long-term objectives can be used to generate several additional sub-objectives.  Inventory reduction in the value chain.  Lower warehousing expenses.  Faster cash-to-cash cycle. Shorter throughput times.  It improved delivery dependability.  Protection of just-in-time supplies. Importance of Supply Chain Management You are all aware that SCM is a crucial component of business and is necessary for both corporate success and consumer happiness. We will examine the significance or importance of SCM in this section. Increasing Customer Service –Customers expect to receive and see the appropriate goods in the appropriate place. They anticipate timely delivery as well as proper post-purchase assistance. Customers anticipate timely product repairs. The significance of SCM is thus critically high when all of this is considered. Reduce operational expenses – Retailers rely on supply networks to deliver pricey goods so they don’t have to keep expensive inventories in their stores longer than necessary. To minimize material shortages, manufacturers consistently rely on supply chains to provide commodities. Improves financial situation – Businesses value supply chain managers because they assist in regulating and lowering supply chain expenses. It not only reduces expenses but also significantly boosts a company’s profitability. Businesses recognize the value SCM adds to the quickness of product delivery to customers. Momentum – Everything is streamlined through SCM, including product movement and any unforeseen natural calamities. Organizations can quickly diagnose any issue with proper SCM. Cooperative and integrated logistics – SCM is a requirement for all societies’ foundations. A successful supply chain satisfies the needs of both manufacturers and consumers. It approaches management in an integrated manner. C. Functions of Supply Chain Management The functions of SCM include the following: Purchasing The purchasing function of SCM comes first. The manufacturing process requires raw materials. These supplies must be purchased and delivered on schedule. Only after that can production start. Coordination with suppliers and delivery services is required to make this happen to prevent delays. Operations Before materials are purchased, forecasting and demand planning are necessary since the demand market will determine how many units need to be produced and how much material is required for production. Organizations must precisely predict demand to avoid having too little or too much inventory, which would result in revenue losses. This is why the SCM function is so important. As a result, inventory control, production, and shipping should be integrated with forecasting and demand planning. Logistics Logistics is a component of SCM that coordinates all parts of planning, purchasing, production, and transportation to guarantee that goods reach the final customer without problems. Coordination between several departments is crucial if products are to be delivered to clients quickly. Resource Administration Resource management ensures that the appropriate resources are efficiently allotted to the appropriate activities. It ensures an optimized production schedule is developed to maximize operational efficiency. Information workflow The exchange of information and distribution keeps the other SCM operations running smoothly. The entire chain could be harmed by inadequate information flow and communication. Strategies for Effective SCM SCM, or supply chain management, is essential to any profitable enterprise. The appropriate tactics can result in increased productivity and higher customer satisfaction. The following are some critical SCM tactics that can help you get better results: Collaboration & Communication: To keep everyone informed and on the same page, developing effective communication with all stakeholders is critical. Deliveries will go more smoothly if objectives are aligned, expectations are managed, and everyone in the supply chain remains on the same page. Risk management: Managing the supply chain involves risks, even after good preparation. To keep business operations going smoothly in case of problems, you’ll need to foresee probable hazards and develop backup plans. Faster Delivery: Customers usually value quicker delivery times. Thus, it’s critical to speed up your supply chain operations. Consider utilizing technology to monitor and manage inventories more efficiently, such as RFID tags or automated tracking systems, while speeding up delivery times. Maintaining quality records: It is essential for the smooth and predictable operation of supply chain activities. Records must be accurate and up to date. By putting in place high-quality records management solutions, you can ensure that there are no anomalies that could interrupt business operations or cause costly mistakes later on. Technology Integration: By integrating specific technologies into your SCM processes, you can increase productivity and efficiency by giving decision-makers access to real-time data insights from all supply chain points in a single dashboard view. This enables them to act quickly on opportunities or handle problems as they arise with confidence that their actions are supported by solid data sets gathered over time. Current Trends in SCM A thorough awareness of current trends and goals is necessary to stay ahead in supply chain management in today’s highly competitive and international market. Businesses must carefully assess the present environment and comprehend how to optimize the supply chain for improved productivity and efficiency to stay competitive. Here, we’ll go through the top SCM trends that are now in vogue and that every company should know.  Growing Market Complexity and SCM Needs: As markets become more complicated, so does the demand for a more advanced SCM system is necessary. Companies are increasingly moving towards  a more digital approach to manage increased complexity, including more significant analytics, better tracking across processes, and increased insight into their supply network.  SCM with Business Process Integration: Companies aim to link their SCM with their core business operations for enhanced efficiency to fully benefit from modern technologies. This integration enables smooth collaboration between all company divisions to achieve shared objectives. Companies can reduce expenses dramatically, become more responsive to client needs, and boost overall performance with an integrated system.  Moving from Traditional Models to Digital Solutions: As firms attempt to become more flexible and efficient, moving away from traditional “paper-based” models has been a significant focus in SCM in recent years. Digitizing papers, which decreases costs through automation while preventing human processing errors, is a crucial component of this movement. Additionally, digital solutions boost internal process visibility and empower executives to act quickly based on real-time data and analytics.  Focus on automation and digitization: Technology is taking centre stage regarding supply chain. modernization initiatives.