Week 11 Crime and Society PDF

Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CRIME AND SOCIETY Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 WHITE COLLAR CRIME Refers to illegal activities conducted by employees and officers of a company for personal gain or for the benefit of the company....

Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CRIME AND SOCIETY Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 WHITE COLLAR CRIME Refers to illegal activities conducted by employees and officers of a company for personal gain or for the benefit of the company. E.g. fraud, embezzlement Sutherland A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CORPORATE CRIME Involves illegal acts deliberately carried out by employees to benefit the corporations financial performance Similarity and Difference? In addition to material losses from corporate crime, we must also be mindful of the number of deaths and injuries caused by corporate criminal negligence Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 OCCUPATIONAL CRIME Crimes in which a person takes advantage of their occupation to commit fraud, embezzlement, and theft. Non-white collar workers who commit crime within the course of their occupations Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 http://abc13.com/news/employee-charged-with-stealing-$200k-from-company/2161087/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRQMtO2daEg Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CYBERCRIME: A NEW FORM OF CORPORATE CRIME? Cybercrime is any crime that involves the use of computer technology or the Internet. Hackers Black hats-hackers with computer skills who desire to cause harm for profit, revenge or recreational uses eg, Graham Clarke White hats-Hackers who have good intentions or may be breaking into networks from an ideological perspective. Eg, Julian Assandre Grey hats-Hack into networks for personal gain Suicide hats-Causing harm without any concern of being caught The typical hacker has changed dramatically with the evolution of cybercrime https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuRa3pnN6nk Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CYBERCRIME CONT’D Computer Crime Section 342.1 and 430 of the Criminal Code of Canada Destroying data, altering data, rendering data meaningless, and/or interfering with someone using legitimate data Apprehension and Prosecution Young,well educated,highly skilled and they are often a step ahead of officers Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CONTROLLING CRIME: PUNISHMENT OR PREVENTION? Traditional punishment rationales Retribution? Rehabilitation? Reactive? Proactive?- prefer retribution and is more reactive Deterrence Punishment and WC offenders-punishment does not deter offenders from re-offending-prison sentence increase the chances of individuals re offending Cost of Crime 2014 report by Fraser Institute – rose from 42.5 billion in 85 billion Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 CONTROLLING CRIME CONT’D. Opportunity reduction strategies are designed to prevent crime by minimizing the opportunities for criminal behaviour to occur and can take three forms: 1. Primary prevention: addresses the environmental conditions that promote crime by, for example, maintaining streets, fixing broken windows, and generally cleaning up disorganized communities. Limitations: residents monitor crime problem → heightened fear, citizen vigilantism 1. Secondary prevention: focuses on identifying potential offenders and targets (people, places, situations, times, etc.) and intervening before a crime is committed. e.g., educate youth about hazards of drugs, hot-spot policing Limitations: crime displacement, discriminatory practices 2. Tertiary prevention: focuses on preventing individuals who have already violated the law from re-offending. Limitations: does not prevent crime from occurring, but does reduce risk of victimization by repeat offenders Restorative Justice Initiatives Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE: THE WAY AHEAD? Restorative justice: a direct and indirect mediation model that emphasizes restitution and community participation, aimed at rehabilitating offenders reintegrating them back into their communities.-heal and repair all relationships including the victim’s family and the offender’s family Principles underlying restorative justice: It emphasizes social rather than moral responsibility Public shaming the offender/reducing stigmatization Restorative Model-The criminal offence is seen as an actual offence to the victim and the community The process of restitution should respect all parties involved including law enforcement agents Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 WHITE COLLAR CRIME AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Research has suggested that Restorative Justice may increase the likelihood of deterring offenders from reoffending. Debate this issue. One side will argue RJ can increase the likelihood of deterring WC offenders from reoffending.-because officials are intertwine in their community then they don’t want to ruin their reputation and minimize the stigmatization-know victim and the pain so there is remorse and compassion-makes them more vulnerable to the victim which will encourage them to make amends One side will argue RJ will not increase the likelihood of deterring WC offenders from reoffending-may not have the funds to compensate or it may be hidden, hard to identify the number of victims, all parties have to agree, they may not even be remorseful, may use RJ to get a more lenient sentence Each team must provide 4 arguments in support of their side.Thus, break into 6 groups (4 groups who will propose the 4 suppo rting arguments and 2 groups who will provide the rebuttal) Two students from each side will organize and moderate their team’s arguments. Three students to judge the debate and provide a result. All students must participate in the debate. Copyright: Kobayashi, 2024; Winterdyk, 2023; Luedtke, 2014 PRESENTATION-THE ROLE OF THE POLICE 5000 years ago with the Egyptians-policing was inside the army was outside King aside people in the community they were called constable Chief of police called chief of constable Nobles hired other people to be their constables Bounty system Robert Peel-Principle of law enforcement –started the first Metropolitan London police RCMP controversy with indigenous people Toronto police was the first municipal police force Public bars and drinking was one of the biggest issues Story with the two female officers-women’s DNA are different from men’s DNA Change of words in community and safety acts Connections with community emphasis