Crime and Society: Violent Crime Discussion

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Questions and Answers

What is the general category of crime that includes homicide, attempted murder, robbery, and assault?

  • Cybercrime
  • White-collar crime
  • Property crime
  • Violent crime (correct)

In the context of Routine Activities Theory, what is essential to deter motivated offenders from committing crimes?

  • A capable guardian (correct)
  • Lack of social media presence
  • Economic motivation
  • A suitable target

What are the potential consequences of victimization mentioned in the content?

  • Enhanced community support
  • Material or personal loss (correct)
  • Psychological empowerment
  • Increased social status

Why is it important not to make victims into scapegoats?

<p>To foster public empathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bullying is considered to potentially have worse effects than physical bullying according to the discussion?

<p>Online bullying (cyberbullying) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity proposed strategies to combat online bullying?

<p>RCMP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of society does victimization affect according to the content?

<p>The victims and their families (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of guardianship is likely to be the most effective in combating bullying?

<p>Active involvement of parents and educators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes culpable homicide from non-culpable homicide?

<p>Culpable homicide is a criminal offence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of culpable homicide under the Criminal Code of Canada?

<p>Manslaughter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of murder involves multiple victims occurring in different timeframes?

<p>Serial murder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which profile is NOT one of the types identified for serial killers by Holmes and DeBurger?

<p>Calculated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason cited by victims for not reporting sexual assaults?

<p>Uncertainty of the crime's severity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sexual assault in Canada is true?

<p>It is often viewed as gendered violence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these notorious criminals is known for committing serial murders?

<p>Ted Bundy (A), Jeffrey Dahmer (C), Robert Pickton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'mass murder'?

<p>The killing of two or more people in a single event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical element in Routine Activities Theory that influences the likelihood of cyberbullying occurring?

<p>Capable guardianship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of victimology in relation to its impact on society?

<p>Victimology seeks to understand and reduce victimization across various societal levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of physical and cyberbullying, which is a proposed governmental or educational strategy for awareness?

<p>Education on the effects of cyberbullying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common belief about the emotional repercussions of victimization?

<p>They can extend beyond the individual to family and community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of violent crime is considered as a serious offense according to its definition?

<p>Homicide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is often used to differentiate between violent and non-violent crime?

<p>Presence of physical harm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the impact of bullying on communities?

<p>It can weaken community ties and increase fear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT typically considered effective in combating bullying?

<p>Promoting victim blaming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates culpable homicide from non-culpable homicide?

<p>Culpable homicide involves unlawful actions leading to death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of homicide is classified under the Criminal Code of Canada as a form of culpable homicide?

<p>Manslaughter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which profile type is characterized by criminals who commit murder for personal gratification or pleasure?

<p>Hedonistic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason cited by victims for the under-reporting of sexual assault?

<p>Perception that the incident was insignificant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of homicide mentioned in the context?

<p>Serial homicide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed regarding sexual assault across different demographics in Canada?

<p>It cuts across all social classes and ages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of murder involves premeditated killing of multiple victims during a single event?

<p>Mass murder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a common characteristic of perpetrators of sexual assault?

<p>They come from diverse social classes and backgrounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of white collar crime?

<p>Illegal activities by employees for personal gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best distinguishes corporate crime from other types of crime?

<p>It deliberately benefits the financial performance of corporations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occupational crime primarily involves which of the following?

<p>Crimes committed by blue-collar workers within their job roles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a correct description of cybercrime in relation to corporate crime?

<p>Cybercrime is defined by the illegal use of computer technology for various malicious purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do black hat hackers differ from white hat hackers?

<p>White hats typically work on the defense side against cyber threats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of grey hat hackers?

<p>They hack into networks for personal gain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tertiary prevention primarily aim to achieve?

<p>Reduce the risk of re-offending in individuals who have already committed crimes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does traditional punishment often have on offenders, according to the content?

<p>It increases the likelihood of re-offending in some cases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prevention strategy primarily focuses on addressing the root environmental factors of crime?

<p>Primary prevention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of secondary prevention strategies?

<p>It may lead to discriminatory practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cybercriminals has notably changed with the evolution of cybercrime?

<p>Their skills and education levels have improved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do opportunity reduction strategies aim to do?

<p>Minimize the opportunities for crime to occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a common misconception about the cost of crime as reported in a 2014 report?

<p>It rose from $42.5 billion to $85 billion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary aim of restorative justice?

<p>To provide restitution and reintegrate offenders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of restorative justice emphasizes reducing stigmatization?

<p>Social responsibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge might restorative justice face in deterring white-collar crime offenders?

<p>Financial limitations for restitution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does restorative justice aim to heal relationships affected by crime?

<p>By focusing on restitution among all parties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative perspective on restorative justice regarding white-collar offenders?

<p>It may lead to offenders not feeling genuine remorse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In restorative justice, how is a criminal offense viewed?

<p>As an offense against the victim and the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might restorative justice be beneficial for community ties?

<p>It fosters rehabilitation and mends relationships. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key argument for restorative justice in deterring white-collar crime offenders?

<p>It leverages community ties to foster remorse and accountability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Violent Crime

A category of crime involving physical harm to a person, including homicide, attempted murder, robbery, assault, and other serious offenses.

Victimology

The study of victims of crime, aiming to understand and reduce victimization.

Cyberbullying

Bullying using electronic means, including social media and online platforms.

Routine Activities Theory

A theory suggesting that motivated offenders commit crimes when suitable targets are available and guardianship is absent.

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Suitable Target

A person or object that is attractive to criminals.

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Capable Guardian

A person, place, or system that prevents a crime or deters potential offenders.

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Consequences of Victimization

The effects on victims, families, communities, and society as a whole, including material loss, personal harm, and emotional distress.

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Strategies to Combat Bullying

Methods to help address and prevent bullying behaviors.

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Culpable Homicide

A criminal act of causing another's death, either directly or indirectly, through an unlawful action or negligence.

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1st Degree Homicide

The most serious degree of culpable homicide, often involving premeditation and malice.

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Homicide

The act of causing another person's death, whether intentional or unintentional.

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Sexual Assault

A violent crime involving sexual acts committed against someone's will or without consent.

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Serial Murder

The killing of multiple people over time (often in a way that is calculated or systematic).

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Mass Murder

The killing of multiple people in a single, violent event.

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Non-Culpable Homicide

The causing of a death that is not considered a criminal offense, often due to factors like negligence or accident.

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Underreporting of Sexual Assault

The documented tendency of sexual assault cases to go unreported. Reasons include victim's perception that the event wasn't sufficiently serious to report or other concerns related to the crime.

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Visionary Killer

A type of serial killer driven by delusions or voices, who often believes they have a special mission or purpose.

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Mission-Oriented Killer

A type of serial killer who targets specific people (e.g., prostitutes) based on a belief that they are ridding society of 'undesirables'.

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Hedonistic Killer

A type of serial killer motivated by pleasure, excitement, or thrills derived from killing.

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Victimization

The experience of being harmed as a result of a crime, which can include physical injury, emotional distress, and financial loss.

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Online Bullying Prevention

Techniques and resources to help prevent online bullying, such as education, reporting mechanisms, and building online safety skills.

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White Collar Crime

Illegal activities conducted by employees or officers in a company for personal or corporate gain. Examples include fraud and embezzlement.

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Corporate Crime

Illegal acts carried out by company employees intending to benefit the corporation's financial performance.

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Occupational Crime

Crimes committed by individuals using their job to commit fraud, embezzlement, or theft. It applies to non-white collar workers.

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Cybercrime

Use of computer technology or the internet to commit a crime.

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Black Hats & White Hats

Black hats are hackers who use their skills for harm, while white hats use their abilities for good.

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Hacker Types

Different categories of hackers based on their motives and methods, including white hats (ethical hackers), black hats (malicious hackers), and gray hats (hackers with mixed motives).

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Apprehension and Prosecution of Cybercriminals

Challenges faced by law enforcement in catching and prosecuting cybercriminals who are often highly skilled, technologically advanced, and operate across international borders.

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Deterrence in Cybercrime

The effectiveness of punishments in preventing cybercrime, which is often debated due to the complex nature of these crimes and the potential for recidivism.

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Opportunity Reduction Strategies

Approaches to prevent cybercrime by minimizing opportunities for criminal behavior, such as primary prevention (fixing environmental conditions), secondary prevention (identifying potential offenders), and tertiary prevention (preventing re-offending).

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Primary Prevention

Preventing cybercrime by addressing the environmental conditions that promote it, such as improving infrastructure, monitoring online activity, and promoting digital literacy.

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Secondary Prevention

Identifying potential cybercriminals and intervening before they commit crimes, such as educating youth about online safety, monitoring suspicious activities, and implementing security measures.

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Tertiary Prevention

Preventing individuals who have already committed cybercrimes from re-offending, such as rehabilitation programs, victim support services, and restorative justice initiatives.

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Restorative Justice

A model emphasizing restitution and community participation to rehabilitate offenders and reintegrate them back into society, focusing on healing relationships and restoring harmony.

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Social Responsibility

Restorative justice emphasizes social responsibility, meaning the offender's actions affect not just the victim, but the whole community.

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Rehabilitation

Restorative justice aims to rehabilitate offenders, helping them understand the impact of their actions and contributing to their change.

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Community Participation

In restorative justice, members of the community play a role in the process, contributing to the offender's reintegration and helping to resolve conflict.

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Deterring Reoffending

Restorative justice aims to deter future criminal behavior by promoting accountability and fostering remorse in offenders.

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Stigmatization

Restorative justice aims to minimize stigmatization of offenders, promoting a focus on rehabilitation rather than shaming.

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Restorative Justice for White-Collar Crime

Applying restorative justice principles to white-collar crime can contribute to victim restitution, offender accountability, and a focus on community healing.

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Study Notes

Crime and Society

  • Course material covers crime and society, with a focus on violent crime.
  • The class is on November 7, 2024.
  • A tutorial assignment is scheduled with Sam.

Housekeeping Items

  • Mandatory attendance is required.

Today's Class

  • Review of last week's lecture content.
  • Focus on violent crime.

Bullying: Discussion

  • A YouTube video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RMaD0_k7hc is referenced.
  • Discussion point: Apply routine activity theory to bullying as shown in the video.
  • Discussion point: Identify strategies to combat bullying.
  • Discussion point: What may be the best form of guardianship and why?

Trigger Warning: Cyberbullying

  • Links to other YouTube videos are referenced:
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRKuRYlg1HQ
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSqVJks6n-Y
  • Discussion point: Is online bullying worse than physical bullying?
  • Discussion point: How should education systems and government address cyberbullying prevention?
  • Discussion point: Is routine activity theory applicable to cyberbullying?

Online Bullying/Cyberbullying

Victimology

  • Theories of victimology can aid in understanding and reducing victimization.
  • It's important not to blame victims.
  • Every crime has consequences, including material loss, physical suffering, and emotional distress.
  • Victimization impacts individuals, families, communities, and society as a whole.

Definition

  • Violent crime is a broad category that comprises homicide, attempted murder, robbery, assault, and other offences involving physical harm.

Violent Crime: Homicide

  • Homicide involves causing another person's death, either directly or indirectly by an unlawful act or negligence.
  • Culpable homicide is a criminal offence.
  • Non-culpable homicide is not considered criminal.
  • Culpable homicide categories: murder, manslaughter, infanticide, and other violent killings with various degrees of intent.

Violent Crime: Types of Homicides

  • Mass murder: Killing a large number of people in one setting.
  • Serial murder: Killing a large number of people over time.
  • Killer profiles include visionary, mission-oriented, hedonistic, and power/control-oriented killers.

Violent Criminals

  • Case studies of violent criminals are presented, including David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") and various serial killers.

Other Violent Crimes

  • Sexual assault cuts across social classes and is often viewed as gendered violence.
  • Data suggests sexual assault is underreported, with possible reasons being the seriousness or the importance of the incident not being perceived, as well as fear of the police not considering the incident serious.
  • Despite amendments to the Criminal Code and public awareness programs, sexual assault is often underreported.
  • Victims may not report due to the incident being deemed unimportant or fear of not being taken seriously by the police.

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