PHYS 2 Week 2: Thyroid Gland & Thyroid Hormone Review Sheet PDF

PHYS 2 WEEK 2: Thyroid Gland & Thyroid Hormone Review Sheet A. Describe the functional anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland. Describe how thyroid hormones are produced, stored and secreted. Describe the actions of the thyroid hormone Explain the control of thyroid hormone secretion by the hypo...

PHYS 2 WEEK 2: Thyroid Gland & Thyroid Hormone Review Sheet A. Describe the functional anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland. Describe how thyroid hormones are produced, stored and secreted. Describe the actions of the thyroid hormone Explain the control of thyroid hormone secretion by the hypothalamus and pituitary. Thyroid Gland Hormone - Synthesis Describe the location and structure of the thyroid gland Review the terms: Follicle, Colloid, and Follicular cells. What are the two forms of thyroid hormone? Which is the active form? What dietary element is needed to make thyroid hormone? What protein binds thyroid hormone in the blood? What is the significance of bound hormone as it relates to the hormone’s effectiveness? What are the major functions of thyroid hormone? During what period of the lifecycle is thyroid hormone most critical regarding development and growth? B. Thyroid Gland Hormone - Synthesis C. Describe the processes for the synthesis of T3 and T4. What ion is necessary for formation of thyroid hormones? What mechanism allows this ion to enter a thyrocyte? Once I- enters the cell, it is oxidized to I2 by what enzyme? Inside the lumen of the follicle, I2 combines with which amino acid of thyroglobulin? What two products are formed from the interaction of I2 and thyroglobulin? What are the “coupling reactions”? What structures are formed in coupling reactions? Describe how MOST of thyroid hormone is activated (i.e. peripheral transformation) Thyroid Hormone Regulation Explain how thyroid hormone secretion is regulated. Review the regulation of thyroid hormone including the role of the hypothalamus, and anterior pituitary. D. Thyroid Hormone - Classification Thyroid hormone belongs to what general class of hormones? What is the mechanism by which thyroid hormone alters a cell’s function? What is the typical duration of these changes? E. Effects of Thyroid Hormone F. Describe the mechanism of action of thyroid hormone on a target cell. Explain how thyroid hormone regulates basal metabolic rate Review the cellular changes produced by thyroid hormone. Review the systemic changes produced by thyroid hormone. Describe the effects of thyroid hormone on the nervous system Pathology of the Thyroid Gland – Graves’ Disease & Hashimoto’s Disease Describe the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and the pathological conditions that cause these abnormalities. Review how diagnostic levels of TRH, TSH and Thyroid hormone are used to assess thyroid function and rule out certain disease states. In a person with hypothyroidism, what lab profile would you expect? Predict the effects of excess thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone deficiency on metabolic rate, mental status, and body weight. Predict the signs/symptoms that a person with hyperthyroidism would exhibit in each of the following circumstances: (a) high temperature or low temperature, (b) elevated pulse or decreased pulse, (c) elevated breathing or decreased breathing, and (d) increased body mass or decreased body mass.