Physiology 2: Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland Quick review
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Questions and Answers

What is the source of input for the brain in relation to the posterior pituitary?

  • Emotional centers of the brain
  • Hypothalamus
  • Both a and b (correct)
  • Cerebral cortex

    • What is the anatomic connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?

  • Paraventricular nuclei
  • Magnocellular neurons
  • Adenohypophysis
  • Neurohypophysis (correct)

    • What is the function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Water reabsorption (correct)
  • Stress response
  • Stimulation of lactation

    • What is the primary blood supply to the neurohypophysis?

    <p>Capillary plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons produce and secrete the hormones of the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Magnocellular neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why hormones are not formed in the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Hormones are produced in the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytocin?

    <p>Stimulation of lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hypothalamus control the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Through the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Adenohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To quickly transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolactin on the mammary glands?

    <p>Stimulation of milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Peptide or polypeptide hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the production of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oversecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the anterior pituitary produce growth hormone?

    <p>Somatotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of undersecretion of growth hormone?

    <p>Dwarfism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hypothalamic hormones in the hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

    <p>To regulate the pituitary gland through neural and hormonal mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hypophysiotropic neurohormone synthesized by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of negative feedback in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis?

    <p>To regulate the balance of hormones in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for transporting hypothalamic neuropeptides to the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Neurohypophyseal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to neural inputs?

    <p>To integrate neural inputs from various areas of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hypothalamic hormones is involved in the regulation of thyroid function?

    <p>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of growth hormone–inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis?

    <p>To inhibit the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

    <p>To regulate the pituitary gland through neural and hormonal mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis?

    <p>To inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the structure in the thyroid gland where thyroid hormone synthesis takes place?

    <p>Follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of thyroid hormone?

    <p>T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary element is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein binds thyroid hormone in the blood?

    <p>Thyroxine-binding globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of bound hormone as it relates to the hormone’s effectiveness?

    <p>It decreases the hormone’s effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period of the lifecycle is thyroid hormone most critical regarding development and growth?

    <p>Childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ion is necessary for the formation of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Iodine ion (I-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism allows iodine ions to enter a thyrocyte?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which thyroid hormone alters a cell's function?

    <p>By directly altering gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the changes produced by thyroid hormone on cellular function?

    <p>Days to weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does thyroid hormone regulate basal metabolic rate?

    <p>By increasing the expression of genes involved in energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormone on the nervous system?

    <p>It increases the production of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?

    <p>TSH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excess thyroid hormone on metabolic rate?

    <p>It increases metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the hypothalamus regulates thyroid hormone secretion?

    <p>By secreting TRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypothyroidism on body weight?

    <p>It leads to an increase in body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hyperthyroidism on mental status?

    <p>It leads to an increase in mental alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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