Wars Of The 18th Century PDF

Wars of the 18th C. Many wars were fought during this period Wars of great consequence I: War of Austrian Succession II: Seven Years War  I: War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 Fought between PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA BRITAIN was the ally of Prussia...

Wars of the 18th C. Many wars were fought during this period Wars of great consequence I: War of Austrian Succession II: Seven Years War  I: War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 Fought between PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA BRITAIN was the ally of Prussia FRANCE was the ally of Austria  Differences between Prussia & Austria were settled WAR ENDED OUTCOME of this war is the reason we mention it  FRANCE The greatest LOSER in this war BRITAIN Takes advantage and attacks FRENCH colonies in the Atlantic FAILURES of France will be to the advantage of the British in the American War of Independence  II: Seven Years War 1756 – 1763 Fought on three continents Europe, India, AMERICA The first instance of a GLOBAL WAR BACKGROUND Seven Years War in AMERICA  Since 16th C. Europeans established settlements on the EASTERN Coast of America TRADE was the MAIN motive COMMERCIAL interests regulated politics in the region  BRITISH Were the LEADING colonizers Their presence caused disruption/disturbance of native cultures DIRECTLY: by military force INDIRECTLY: by diseases or involuntary cultural changes BRITAIN ultimately declared American settlements as British COLONIES Appointed officials to replace the ones chosen locally British Parliament began exercising ABSOLUTE power in America  THIRTEEN colonies on the East Coast Had similar political & legal systems Majority of Settlers were: White Anglo-Saxon Protestant WASP These colonies would become the nucleus of the United States  These Colonies were INDEPENDENT of each other The only unifying factor: All accepted/recognized the British King as their sovereign  NATIVE AMERICANS Relations between colonials and natives varied between: CONSTRUCTIVE & Peaceful DESTRUCTIVE & Brutal In general, natives strongly attempted to protect their land and culture  1754 British government asked colonial representatives to meet in ALBANY (capital of New York) PURPOSE: 1. Develop a new treaty with Native Americans 2. Plan joint defense against France  Benjamin Franklin Senior member of the Congress Proposed/Presented the ALBANY PLAN OF UNION I. UNITE 13 colonies for defense against ANY/ALL enemies II. ORGANIZE cooperation on all levels  The Colonies will have: ▪ President General appointed by the British CROWN ▪ Grand Council with delegates from 13 colonial assemblies 13 colonies will have EQUAL vote in the Grand Council Independence from Britain was NEITHER discussed NOR was an option YET the plan was rejected by BOTH Britain & Colonies  WHY ?! COLONIES anxious about losing their individuality BRITISH: Fearful such a union might develop into a future call for INDEPENDENCE Since the age of discoveries FRANCE had a presence in ▪ Southeast Canada ▪ Northern section of USA ▪ Great lakes ▪ Mid-west  FRENCH & BRITISH Had allies among the natives HOWEVER: FRENCH economic policy was liberal with the natives BRITISH economic policy was monopolistic  BRITISH Mercantilist Policy ▪ Colonies import from Britian ONLY ▪ Sell ONLY through British agents ▪ Maximize British exports to colonies ▪ Minimize British imports from American colonies  British Renewed the OLD NAVIGATION ACTS ONLY British ships allowed to carry cargo to Britain This was especially harmful to Non-British traders and ship builders BRITISH monopolistic economic policies Were damaging to France British and French Economic interests Eventually collided/crashed Resulting in MILITARY confrontations In the American colonies New Developments In the American Colonies  By the 18th C. East Coast was CONGESTED SETTLERS begin to expand west In search of land & better opportunities BRITAIN grants exclusive rights To organize this expansion to OHIO COMPANY A land speculation company PURPOSE: Secure trade with natives Control the Ohio valley  Ohio Valley Eastern USA  Ohio Valley The French were already in the regions It became a disputed area between France & England FRENCH build forts to strengthen their claim on the territory BRITISH work to expel them Clashes eventually escalates to full-scale 7 YEARS WAR Supposedly over the Ohio valley ACTUALLY, a larger issue: Which CULTURE BRITISH OR FRENCH Will dominate AMERICA