Partnering with Crisis Persons PDF

Partnering with persons experiencing crisis, self-harm, suicidality, abuse or violence Class 8: PPN 303 Promoting Mental Health Course Objectives Describe Introduce Examine Explain Foundational concepts and nursing considerations in supporting people experiencing stress, crisis, self-harm, suic...

Partnering with persons experiencing crisis, self-harm, suicidality, abuse or violence Class 8: PPN 303 Promoting Mental Health Course Objectives Describe Introduce Examine Explain Foundational concepts and nursing considerations in supporting people experiencing stress, crisis, self-harm, suicidality, violence and abuse. Approaches of applying a trauma-informed approach to crisis intervention as well as care-planning and collaborating with people experiencing self-harm or crisis. Crisis intervention and postvention using a trauma-informed approach Safety planning and support planning for persons experiencing suicidality as well as vicarious trauma for health professionals Stress, Crisis, & Trauma related experiences PPN 303 Class 1:- 7 Question? • • What is stress? How do we understand how stress happens? Evolution of the Concept of Stress • Throughout the last century, our understanding of stress evolved through three distinct periods in which it was conceptualized as: Transaction Stimulus Physiologic Response New Understandings Woolfolk, Lehrer, and Allen: Stress “is probably best thought of as a generic, nontechnical term, analogous to disease or to addiction.” Allostasis: coined by Sterling and Eyer to describe how the cardiovascular system adjusts to resting and active states of the body Allostatic load (McEwen) Lazarus argued that while the concept of stress is a useful one, it is not a single, unitary phenomenon. Stress: Figure 17.1 Lazarus’s (1999) seesaw analogy of stress (with permission). Lazarus & Folkman “Appraisal & Coping” (1984) Transactional Model: Stress depends on how a stressor is appraised in relation to the individual’s resources for coping with it. Central premise is that stress is “neither an environmental stimulus, a characteristic of the person, nor a response, stress is the relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised as exceeding the person’s resources and endangering their well-being. Cognitive Appraisal: the process by which individuals examine the demands and constraints of a situation in relation to their own personal and network resources Cognitive Appraisal Additional New Views on Responses to Stress The freeze-hide response Tend and befriend The tendency to produce a passive response to stress Tending involves nurturant activities designed to protect the self and offspring Befriending is the creation and maintenance of social networks that aid in the process Discussion Question How does Stress affect body and mind? Physiologic Stress Responses The physiologic response to stress begins in the central nervous system (CNS) but quickly involves all body systems. Sympathetic response Immune system functioning affected negatively Over time, biologic responses to stress compromise a person’s health status Psychological stress–related symptoms Table 17.2 Psychological Stress- Related Symptoms: Table 17.2 Emotional Responses to Stress There is still debate about the relationship between emotion and cognition. Cognitive appraisal is fundamental to the experience of emotion because it colours the meaning of a situation or an event. Basic emotions: Table 17.3 Fifteen Basic Emotions Figure 17.3 Stress, coping, and adaptation model Coping Coping is an individual’s constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the individual’s resources. • Leads to adaptation or maladaptation Problem-focused coping: • Changes the relationship between the environment and person Emotion-focused coping : • Changing person–environment relationship Ways of coping: • Table 17.4 Stress, coping and adaptation model: Figure 17.3 Stress, coping, and adaptation model Social Support and Stress • Social support enhances health and well-being. • Broadly defined as resources provided to us by others • A lack of social support increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. • Social network is important.