W5_ MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THORAX.pdf

WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 OBJECTIVES 1. To be able to discuss different muscles of the neck and thorax in a more understan...

WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 OBJECTIVES 1. To be able to discuss different muscles of the neck and thorax in a more understandable manner 2. To be able to correlate the clinical significance of the muscles of the neck and thorax TYPES OF MUSCLES TYPES OF MUSCLES 1. Skeletal striated muscle voluntary somatic muscle make up the skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac striated muscle involuntary visceral muscle forms most of the wall of the heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels 3. Smooth unstriated muscle involuntary visceral muscle forms most of the wall of most vessels and hollow organs SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 MUSCLE ATTACHMENT SITES CONNECTIVE TISSUES 1. Tendon 1. Ligament attachment site to bones fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones 2. Origin relatively fixed during muscular 2. Aponeurosis contraction (generally a more layer of flat broad tendon proximal location) 3. Tendon 3. Insertion tough band of connective tissue that moveable during contraction usually connects muscle to bone 4. Belly 4. Belly fleshy portion of the muscle in fleshy portion of the muscle in between attachment sites between attachment sites *Generally, the location of origins can be easily determined because they are always in the proximal areas of the body. However, an exception is the platysma. SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 FASCIA Fusiform layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and nerves, binding those structures together allow the muscles to slide upon each other during movement Circular Triangular ARRANGEMENT OF FASCICLES Parallel SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 Pennate ➔ short fascicle in relation to total COORDINATION AMONG MUSCLES muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle Body movements are often the result of multiple muscles working groups 1. Agonist a.k.a. Prime mover doing the contracting and creating movement 2. Antagonist relaxing and letting the movement take place 3. Synergist support the agonist in creating movement 4. Fixator allow the agonist to work stabilizes origin SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 MUSCLES OF THE NECK SUPRAHYOID AND INFRAHYOID MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 ANTERIOR AND LATERAL VERTEBRAL MUSCLES SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 2. Visceral/pretracheal fascia CERVICAL FASCIAS deep to the deep investing fascia forms a sheath around the visceral unit of the neck ➔ Superior attachment hyoid bone base of the skull ➔ Inferior attachment superior mediastinum → pericardium of the heart 3. Prevertebral fascia surrounds the cervical vertebral unit ➔ Superior attachment base of the skull 1. Deep investing fascia ➔ Inferior attachment wraps around circumference of the neck blends with the investing fascia of splits to pass around SCM and trapezius the musculature of the back and with the anterior longitudinal ➔ Superior attachment ligament of the thoracic vertebrae inferior border of mandible inferior border of the body of hyoid 4. Alar fascia bone formed by a division of the anterior angle of mandible component of the prevertebral fascia inferior border of zygomatic arch binds to the transverse processes laterally mastoid process styloid process and attachments of SCM and trapezius to the skull ➔ Inferior attachment manubrium sterni clavicles spine of the scapula SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 MUSCLES OF THE THORAX ACTIONS OF DIAPHRAGM 1. DIAPHRAGM Muscle of Inspiration ➔ On contraction, the diaphragm pulls Right crus its central tendon down and ➔ arises from the sides of the bodies of increases the vertical diameter of the 1st three lumbar vertebrae and the thorax intervertebral discs and splits to enclose the esophagus Muscle of Abdominal ➔ Assists the contraction of the Left crus muscles of anterior abdominal wall ➔ sides of the bodies of the 1st two ➔ increases intra-abdominal pressure lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral micturition (urination) discs defecation parturition (childbirth) The diaphragm is inserted into a central tendon Nerve supply: Phrenic Nerve (C3-5) SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 2. EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL ACTION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL Fiber pass downward and forward With the first rib fixed, they raised ribs Origin: Inferior border of the rib above during inspiration and thus increase Insertion: Superior border of the rib below antero-posterior and transverse diameters Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves of the thorax With the last rib fixed by abdominal muscles, they lower the ribs during expiration 3. INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL Fiber: transversely, forms incomplete layer of the muscle Origin: Adjacent ribs Insertion: Adjacent ribs Nerve supply: Intercostal nerves Action: Assist the external and internal intercostal muscle SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 CLINICAL NOTES *The right x-ray figure as shown above states normal chest findings whereas the other figure denotes a hernia in the diaphragm causing the abdominal contents to protrude inside the thoracic cavity thus displacing the heart. SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024 WEEK 5 - ANATOMY LECTURE LE N # 2 - MU L OF T E NE AN T O X Pre d b : L Lec r: Dr. Mur-Jha Ham , M , AS , D S Dat : Sep b 2, 2024 *Torticollis occurs when your baby's neck muscles cause their head to turn and rotate to one side. It's also called wryneck. It can be congenital or acquired. Symptoms include stiff and swollen neck muscles. The cause of torticollis depends on the type. It is primarily caused by a damage in the spinal accessory nerve (SAN/CN XI). -END- SUBJECT: ANATOMY Prepared by: LPG Date: September 2, 2024