Common Diseases of HIV-Positive Adults PDF

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Common diseases of | | | | HIV-positive adults** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **...

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Common diseases of | | | | HIV-positive adults** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Pathogen** | **Presentation** | **Finding** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **CD4+ cell count \< | | | | 500/mm3** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Candida albicans** | \- Oral thrush | \- Scrapable white | | | | plaque, pseudohyphae | | | | on microscopy | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **EBV** | \- Oral hairy | \- Unscrapable white | | | leukoplakia | plaque on lateral | | | | tongue | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **HHV-8** | \- Kaposi sarcoma\ | \- Perivascular | | | - Localized cutaneous | spindle cells | | | disease | invading and forming | | | | vascular tumors on | | | | histology | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **HPV** | \- Squamous cell | | | | carcinoma at site(s) | | | | of sexual contact | | | | (most commonly anus, | | | | cervix, oropharynx) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Mycobacterium | \- Increased risk of | | | tuberculosis** | reactivation of | | | | latent TB infection | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **CD4+ cell count \< | | | | 200/mm3** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Histoplasma | \- Fever\ | \- Oval yeast cells | | capsulatum** | - Weight loss\ | within macrophages | | | - Fatigue\ | | | | - Cough\ | | | | - Dyspnea | | | | | | | | \- Nausea\ | | | | - Vomiting\ | | | | - Diarrhea | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **HIV** | \- Dementia,\ | \- Cerebral atrophy | | | - HIV-associated | on neuroimaging | | | nephropathy | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **JC virus | \- Progressive | \- No enhancing areas | | (reactivation)** | multifocal | of demyelination on | | | leukoencephalopathy | MRI | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **HHV-8** | \- Kaposi sarcoma\ | | | | - Disseminated | | | | disease (pulmonary, | | | | GI, lymphatic) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Pneumocystis | \- Pneumocystis | \- "Ground-glass" | | jirovecii** | pneumonia | opacities on chest | | | | imaging | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **CD4+ cell count \< | | | | 100/mm3** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Bartonella spp** | \- Bacillary | \- Multiple red to | | | angiomatosis | purple papules or | | | | nodules\ | | | | - Biopsy with | | | | neutrophilic | | | | inflammation | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Candida albicans** | \- Esophagitis | \- White plaques on | | | | endoscopy\ | | | | - Yeast and | | | | pseudohyphae on | | | | biopsy | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **CMV** | \- Colitis,\ | \- Linear ulcers on | | | - Retinitis,\ | endoscopy, | | | - Esophagitis,\ | cotton-wool spots on | | | - Encephalitis,\ | fundoscopy\ | | | - Pneumonitis | - Biopsy reveals | | | | cells with | | | | intranuclear (owl | | | | eye) inclusion bodies | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Cryptococcus | \- Meningitis | \- Encapsulated yeast | | neoformans** | | on India ink stain or | | | | capsular antigen ⊕ | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Cryptosporidium | \- Chronic, watery | \- Acid-fast oocysts | | spp** | diarrhea | in stool | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **EBV** | \- B-cell lymphoma | \- CNS | | | (eg, non-Hodgkin | lymphoma---ring | | | lymphoma, CNS | enhancing, may be | | | lymphoma) | solitary (vs | | | | Toxoplasma) | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Mycobacterium | \- Nonspecific | \- Most common if | | avium--intracellular, | systemic symptoms | CD4+ cell count \< | | Mycobacterium avium | (fever, night sweats, | 50/mm3 | | complex** | weight loss)\ | | | | - Focal lymphadenitis | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Toxoplasma gondii** | \- Brain abscesses | \- Multiple | | | | ring-enhancing | | | | lesions on MRI | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+