Valproic Acid, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, & Depression PDF

Valproic Acid: Chemical Name: 2-propylpentanoic acid Chemical Structure: Uses: Valproic acid is usually used to treat bipolar disorder. Some brands are used to treat epilepsy. It can also be used to prevent migraine. Stability and Storage Conditions: I...

Valproic Acid: Chemical Name: 2-propylpentanoic acid Chemical Structure: Uses: Valproic acid is usually used to treat bipolar disorder. Some brands are used to treat epilepsy. It can also be used to prevent migraine. Stability and Storage Conditions: It should be kept in a cool, dry place and stored at room temperature. Direct sunlight is prohibited. Type of Formulation:  Tablet  Capsule  Oral suspension  Injectable solution Brand Name:  Belvo,  Depakote,  Dyzantil,  Convulex,  Syonell.  Gabapentin* Chemical Name: 2-[1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid Chemical Structure:: Uses: Gabapentin is an anticonvulsive medication that originally saw use as a muscle relaxer and antispasmodic medication, but later it was discovered it had the potential of the medication as anticonvulsive medication and as an adjunct to more potent anticonvulsants. Stability and Storage Conditions: It should be kept in a cool, dry place and stored at room temperature. Direct sunlight is prohibited. Type of Formulation:  Tablet  Capsule  Oral suspension  Injectable solution Brand Name: Horizant®  Gralise®  Neurontin  Topiramate: Chemical Name: 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate Chemical Structure: Uses: Topiramate is a medication used to manage and treat epilepsy and migraine, and it is in the second-generation anti-epileptic drugs class of drugs. Stability and Storage Conditions: It should be kept in a cool, dry place and stored at room temperature. Direct sunlight is prohibited. Type of Formulation:  Tablet  Capsule  Oral suspension  Injectable solution Brand Name: Topamax  Vigabatrin: Chemical Name: (RS)-4-aminohex-5-enoic acid v Chemical Structure Uses: Vigabatrin is a medication used in the management and treatment of infantile spasms and refractory complex partial seizures. Stability and Storage Conditions: It should be kept in a cool, dry place and stored at room temperature. Direct sunlight is prohibited. Type of Formulation:  Tablet  Capsule  Oral suspension  Depression Introduction— It is not a disorder. It is just a imbalance condition of the brain activity of the individual leads to sadness or downswings in mood are normal reactions to life struggle, setbacks, and disappointments. Many people use the word “depression” to explain of some kinds of feeling/emotion, but depression is much more than just sadness.  Some people describes the depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom. However, some depressed people do not feel sad at all-they may feel angry, aggressive, and restless.  Depression interferes our ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and have fun leads to helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. Etiopathogenesis Depression is varying on sex or age. It is describing as  1. Depression in men— Depressed men are less likely than women to acknowledge feelings of self-loathing and hopelessness. Instead, they tend to complain about fatigue, irritability, sleep problems, and loss of interest in work and hobbies.  2. Depression women— Rate of depression in women are twice as high as they are in men. This is due in part to hormonal factors, particularly when it come to premenstrual syndrome (PMS),  premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), postpartum depression, and perimenopausal depression.  3. Depression in teens— Major cause for depression in teens is sadness. A depressed teenager may be hostile, grumpy, or easily lose his or her temper.  4. Depression in older adults— older adults face bereavement, loss of independence, and health problem can lead to depression. It is associated with poor health, a high mortality rate, and an increased risk of suicide.  5. Postpartum depression— Postpartum depression, in contrast, is a longer lasting and more serious depression triggered, in part, by hormonal changes associated with having a baby. It develops soon after delivery, but any depression that occurs within six months of childbirth may be postpartum depression. Clinical manifestations.  Epilepsy (repeated, unpredictable seizures)  Appetite or weight changes.  Sleep changes (Insomnia or hypersomnia).  Anger or irritability.  Loss of strength, feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained.  Self-loathing Anti-Depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride*, Imipramine Hydrochloride*, Fluoxetine*, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine Anti-Depressants:  Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat depression and other mental health conditions.  they work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Classification of Anti-Depressants: a) Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs): Moclobemide, Clorgyline b) Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs):   NA + 5-HT reuptake inhibitors: Imipramine, Amitriptyline, Trimipramine, Doxepin,Dothiepin, Clomipramine  Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors: Desipramine, Nortriptyline, Amoxapine,Reboxetine c) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis): Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram d) Atypical antidepressants: Trazodone, Mianserin, Mirtazapine, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Tianeptine, Amineptine, Bupropion e) 5-HT2Antagonists: trazodone and nefazodone