The Physical Self - UTS PDF

The Physical Self I by Prof. B.N.F Self-Understanding Individual’s cognitive representation of the self. Physical Self Refers to the bod that includes basic parts such as head, neck, arms and legs. Made up of other organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, i...

The Physical Self I by Prof. B.N.F Self-Understanding Individual’s cognitive representation of the self. Physical Self Refers to the bod that includes basic parts such as head, neck, arms and legs. Made up of other organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines and muscles. Physical Self The body performs its functions least well during (1) infancy and (2) old age. Physical efficiency generally peaks in early adulthood and declines into the middle age. Physical Self Physical development and growth during childhood continues at a slow rate compared with rapid rate of growth in babyhood. Physical Self One of the most crucial stage of development is adolescence stage. It begins with the onset of puberty. The adolescence is the stage of development characterized by rapidly physical changes that includes the maturation of the reproductive system. Growing Up Physical self is the concrete, tangible dimensions of the body. Adolescence 10 to 19 Y.O (WHO) Youth in nation building act defined youth as ages 15-30 Y.O. Puberty Puberty is not the same as adolescence because puberty ends prior to the end of the adolescent period. The most essential marker of the beginning of adolescence Life Span The development from conception to death Physical Self Elizabeth B. Hurlock Outlined the stages of lifespan or the development from conception to death. She divided the stage into 10 parts  PHYSICAL SELF Stages of Life Span 1. Prenatal Fertilization to the birth 2. Infancy Birth to 2 weeks of life 3. Babyhood 2 weeks of life to 2nd year 4. Early Childhood 2 to 6 5. Late Childhood 6 to 10 or 12 6. Puberty 10 or 12 to 14 7. Adolescence 14 to 18 8. Early Adolescence 18 to 40 9. Middle Adolescence 40 to 60 10. Late Adolescence 60 to death Factors affecting physical growth and development 1. Heredity Biological process of transmission of traits from parents of offspring The sex and other physical traits are determined by the combination of (1) chromosome and (2) genes during fertilization (the union of the two cells: Egg and Sperm) Early ideas about heredity Long ago, people thought that an organism’s characteristics, or traits, were determined in the same way that paint colors can be mixed. People assumed this because offspring often resemble both parents. This is known as blending inheritance. Today, scientists know that heredity is more complex. Early ideas about heredity Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring. More than 150 years ago, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian Monk, performed experiments that helped answer many questions about heredity. The results of his experiments also disproved the idea of blending inheritance. Early ideas about heredity Mendel’s research into the questions of heredity gave scientist a basic understanding of genetics. Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Because of his research, Mendel is known as the “Father of Genetics”. Early ideas about heredity Mendel was fascinated by the question “What is responsible for the variation in plants and animals?” For 7 years, 1856 – 1863, Mendel crossed and produced around 28,000 pea plants. Chromosomes Thread like tissues that carries the genes, and are usually found in pair A human typically has 23 pairs of chromosomes Two types: 1. Autosomes or trait chromosomes 2. Gonosome or sex chromosomes (the X and Y) Genes The basic carries of hereditary traits It can be classified into: 1. Dominant (strong genes) 2. Recessive (weak genes) Recessive vs. Dominant Recessive: The trait not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present. Dominant: The expressed form of the trait when present (even if it is just 1 allele) Factors affecting physical growth and development 2. Environment Refers to the factors to which the individual is exposed after conception to death which includes learning and experience Factors affecting physical growth and development 2. Environment Factors such as diet, nutrition and diseases play an important role in physical development Body Image The way one sees himself/herself Girls are less happy with their bodies than boys during puberty A healthy body image is made up of positive thoughts, feelings, and acceptance of one’s body and overall physical appearance. Resorting to whitening products, slimming products, cosmetic surgery. Body Image Refers to how individuals perceive, think, and feel about their body and physical appearance. Imaginary Audience Young adolescents believe that many people are actively listening to or watching him/her. This is called Spotlight Effect in Social Psychology Appearance Refers to everything about a person that others can observe such as height, weight, skin color, clothes and hair style. Through appearances, people show others the kind of person they are Self-Esteem A person’s overall evaluation of his or her worth. Low self-esteem is very common in adolescents. Adolescents worry about different parts of their bodies. Younger women and girls tend to have poor body image. THANK YOU!