Unpacking The Self PDF

| UNPACKING THE SELF | CHAPTER 6 | PHYSICAL SELF Explores process of physical growth and development Understanding requires analysis of: ★ Lifespan ★ Physical development that...

| UNPACKING THE SELF | CHAPTER 6 | PHYSICAL SELF Explores process of physical growth and development Understanding requires analysis of: ★ Lifespan ★ Physical development that happens at each stage of life. PHYSICAL SELF Refers to the body. Both physical extremities and internal organs work together to perform its many functions. ○ Physical Extremities - Farthest or outermost part of the body, typically limbs. Ex: Breathing, walking, eating, and sleeping. Ability to perform function gradually changes through an individual's aging. ○ Infancy & Old Age - Performs least. ○ 20-30 of Early Adulthood - Physical efficiency peaks ○ Slowly declines at middle age. Physical development and growth: ○ Childhood - Continues at a slow rate. ○ Babyhood - Rapid rate of growth. LIFE SPAN Development from conception to death STAGES IN LIFE SPAN ELIZABETH BERGNER HURLOCK PRENATAL - fertilization to birth INFANCY - birth to 2 weeks of life BABYHOOD - 2 weeks of life to 2nd year EARLY CHILDHOOD - 2 to 6 years old LATE CHILDHOOD - 6 to 10 or 12 years old PUBERTY - 10 or 12 to 14 years old ADOLESCENCE - 14 to 18 years old EARLY ADULTHOOD - 18 to 40 years old MIDDLE ADULTHOOD - 40 to 60 years old LATE ADULTHOOD / SENESCENCE - 60 years old to death ADOLESCENCE Begins with onset of puberty Rapid changes including maturation of the reproductive system. Add on other description… Synthesize Chapter 6 description with adolescence… 2 FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH Physical growth and development is the product of heredity and the environment. HEREDITY - is the biological process of the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. ENVIRONMENT Refers to the factors an individual is exposed to throughout life, which includes learning and experiences. Environmental factors, such as diet, nutrition, and diseases, play an important role in an individual’s physical development. THEORIES OF PHYSICAL SELF The Theory of Physiognomy suggests that a person’s physical characteristics, such as facial features and expressions and body structures, could be related to a person's character or personality. Five Element theory, which makes use of the elements of water, wood, fire, earth, metal as archetypes for everything occurring in the natural world. Hippocrates developed a theory based on the prominence of body fluids: The sanguine type has the prominence of red bile. They tend to be impulsive, cheerful, happy, and optimistic. The melancholic type has the prominence of black bile. They tend to be depressed and pessimistic. The choleric type has the prominence of yellow bile. They are easily angry, jumpy, and temperamental.  The phlegmatic type has excess phlegm. They tend to be sluggish, dull and slow. BODY-TYPE THEORY (William Sheldon) ENDOMORPHIC - Soft and plump; perceived as easy-going and sociable MESOMORPHIC - Strong muscular body; perceived as energetic, courageous, adventurous, and assertive ECTOMORPHIC - Tall and thin; perceived as restrained, quiet, and introverted The Wisdom of Your Face (Jean Haner) Oval-shaped faces - hospitable and tactful Round-shaped faces - kindhearted, friendly, and selfless Square-shaped faces - witty, analytical, and great leaders Heart-shaped faces - patient and intuitive Long-shaped faces - perfectionists, aggressive Triangle-shaped faces - creative, artistic, sensitive, and determined Diamond-shaped faces - very detail-oriented and likes to be in control People with full and thick eyebrows tend to be confident, assertive, and goal-oriented People with large or defined jaws have strong values and firm beliefs According to Squier and Mew (1981), people with long and angular-shaped faces tend to be more responsive, assertive, and genuine. People with short and square-shaped faces tend to be more restrained, conforming, and shrewd. BODY IMAGE Refers to how individuals perceive, think and feel about their body and physical appearance. Related to self-esteem, which is a person’s overall evaluation of his or her own worth. Affect both the adolescent’s physical and psychological well-being. APPEARANCE Refers to everything about a person that others observe, such as height, weight, skin color, clothes and hairstyle. Through appearance, an individual is able to show others the kind of person he or she is. The age at which puberty begins has implications for the way adolescents feel about themselves, as well as the way others treat them. Adolescents worry about different parts of their bodies. Sociocultural Factors Affecting the Way Adolescents React to their Physical Appearances: IDEAL BODY TYPES Societal emphasis on slimness as the ideal body type, promoted by peers, parents, and media. MEDIA REPRESENTATION Television, advertising, music, and movies predominantly showcase thin women, shaping perceptions of beauty. PEER INFLUENCE  Bullying and peer pressure contribute to body dissatisfaction among both boys and girls, increasing insecurities. SOCIAL COMPARISON Many adolescents, particularly girls, compare their bodies to those of models and celebrities, leading to negative self-assessment. DESIRE FOR CHANGE Influenced by societal standards, adolescents may seek to change their appearance through dieting, excessive exercise, or cosmetic surgery. MENTAL HEALTH IMPACT Greater concern about body image is linked to increased rates of depression, low self-esteem, and anxiety. EATING DISORDER High body dissatisfaction can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia (food restriction due to fear of gaining weight) and bulimia ( overeating followed by purging). Pose serious health risks, including malnutrition, organ damage, and in severe cases, death. THE IMPORTANCE OF BEAUTY Refers to how individuals perceive, think and feel about their body and physical appearance. It can affect both the adolescent’s physical and psychological well-being. In Egyptian art, women with a slim, high waist, narrow hips and long black hair were considered beautiful During the Renaissance period, women with a full figure and rounded hips were considered beautiful Countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines considered flat nose as an attractive trait Beauty is important because features like having clean and unblemished skin, thick shiny hair, well-proportioned bodies and symmetrical faces are features that indicate youth, health, good genes and fertility and are traditionally considered beautiful in society’s standards (DeMello, 2014). People are influenced by what they see in the media; as long as the fashion industry dictates what is beautiful or not, many will never be satisfied with themselves. Beauty standards set by the media is unrealistic Some people might change their physical appearance through body modifications such as tattooing, body piercing and cosmetic surgery. Ways to improve your body image and inner self: ○ Smile a lot. ○ Take good care of your health ○ Live a well-balanced life ○ Dress well and be neat ○ Spend some time alone to reflect ○ Be creative and do something new all the time ○ Develop a wholesome attitude towards sex ○ Avoid temptations ○ Respect Individuality ○ Make friends ○ Face your fears ○ Be independent ○ Accept things as they are ○ Ask and listen ○ Think positive thoughts ○ Pray ○ Count your blessings ○ Be thankful