UTS REVIEWER PDF - Understanding The Self

-Rae pagod na intindihin sarili -Self exist in two parts: UNDERSTANDI Physical body- mortal, changing, imper...

-Rae pagod na intindihin sarili -Self exist in two parts: UNDERSTANDI Physical body- mortal, changing, imperfect NG THE SELF Soul- immortal, eternal, perfect -He believed that there was a soul first THE SELF FROM before the body. It has all the VARIOUS knowledge store and it's mind; however once he came into the PERSPECTIVE material world he forgot most of what he knew. This results in a lack of knowledge A.Philosophy however, you can restore it through the process of dialectic method or socratic method. -Philosophy- Greek word “Philos” means beloved and “Sophia” means Socratic method is a form of wisdom. (Love of wisdom) argumentative dialogue between individuals based on -Philosophy doesn't end with finding asking and answering the answer. questions. -Ask question in the fundamental of -Socrates view on self is an reality. introduction to two world theory where there is a life after life. -The first philosophical questions is “What” Plato: The soul is immortal “The first and the best victory is to Ancient Philosopher: Origin/ Nature conquer self” SOCRATES: The soul is immortal -Plato is Socrates student who’s a “The unexamined life is not worth dualist living” -He believed that there is both an -Socrates believed to be the first immaterial mind (soul) and a material thinker to focus on the full power of body and it is the soul that represents reasons and the human self. the self. -We need to examine our life for us to -He believed that soul exist before know the essence of our existence. birth and after death. -It's better to just die instead of living -The soul is divided into 3 parts: not knowing anything.  -Rae pagod na intindihin sarili 1. Reason- The one who thinks, Is Rene Descartes: A modern rational and able to think perspective on the self deeply. “Cogito ergo sum (I think; therefore 2. Spirit- Basic emotion, heart and I am) love. 3. Appetite- Basic biological needs -Thinking is the essence of the self or desires. -Descartes is the father of modern Philosophy. Medieval Philosopher: Faith/ Belief -For Descartes , thinking is involuntary, St. Augustine: Christianity man cannot stop thinking. “Accepting God is the path to know thyself” -The self is a thinking being separate from the body -Man is created in the image and likeness of God. -Cartecian Skeptism: The ability to doubt things. -Man is a soul whose goal is to be with God. Everything perceived by the senses could not be used as -Makikita mo ang sarili kapag proof of existence because nakaharap sa lente ng Diyos human senses could be fooled. He added that there was only -One cannot achieve inner peace one thing we could be sure of in without finding God. this world, and that was everything could be doubted. -Self-Presentation refers to the way an (He was skeptical about the individual presents themselves to truth to determine which beliefs others, including their outward could be ascertained as true). behavior, social roles, and appearances. +We cannot believe something we know. Self-Realization is more about internal understanding and alignment with John Locke: The self is one’s true self and divine purpose. consciousness Self-presentation is concerned with -Known for his theory that mind is a external expression, self-realization tabula rasa (A blank slate) focuses on internal truth and alignment with divine will. -He believes that we are born without thoughts and the only thing that Modern Philosopher: Scientific shapes our knowledge is our experience.  -Rae pagod na intindihin sarili -It’s our consciousness that makes us -The self is not static. We have no the same person. fixed identity. -We need to be conscious to believe. -The self if bundle with perception. -Memory Theory: This suggests that Immanuel Kant: We construct the memory links present consciousness self with past experiences, making it crucial for personal identity. According -We are the sum of our action to Locke, if you can remember an -Moral Action -a moral action is one experience from your past, then you that is performed out of a sense of are the same person who had that duty and in accordance with the moral experience. This concept forms the law. basis of his "memory theory" of ex: For an exam, you decided personal identity. not to cheat because cheating is morally wrong. -We only know ourselves when we are conscious. -Act of prudence- actions guided by practical reasoning focused on -Experience is the key to self-interest and well-being. understanding the self. ex. For An exam, you decided not to cheat because you are David Hume: There is no self worried about getting caught and facing consequences. -The source of all genuine knowledge is our direct sense experience. -Kant believes that man is a free agent and is capable of making decisions. -Mind is divided into 2: (We define our self) Impression- the things that are +DO NOT LIE, STEAL, CHEAT perceived through experience. Ideas- the things we created in -Based on our experiences, we create our mind even without an idea of who we are. experience. Sigmund Freud: There are two -The self keeps on changing. There's selves, one conscious, one no permanent self and unchanging unconscious self. Man is made up of 2 things -He believes that a man is bound with (Psychoanalytic Theory): perception. Those perceptions are 1. Conscious - Aware changing because of experiences. 2. Unconscious (subconscious)- Therefore, we cannot observe any not accessible for awareness permanent self.  -Rae pagod na intindihin sarili +90% of a person's life is our -How one behaves is a big factor in unconscious. showing who a man is. -We are not mentally alert Paul Churchland: The self is the -We are not thinking brain -Physicalist Freud believed that the unconscious -Physical realities mind profoundly influences our -Neuroscience behavior, emotions, and -Physicalism decision-making, even though we are unaware of its contents. -He disagrees with the concept of dualism. ex: Kapag tinanong ka kung may naiintindihan ka, you unconsciously -The self has no immaterial thing (Mind say “yes”. (WITHOUT THINKING) and soul) -You are fully subconscious if you are -The self is our Brain (not mind) asleep. You only have 10% retained in your dreams (conscious dreaming). -Since the mind cannot be experienced by senses, it does not -Freud believed that understanding exist. IT IS OUR PHYSICAL BRAIN and bringing unconscious material to THAT GIVES US THE SENSE OF consciousness was key to OUR SELF. understanding the self. -Our mood, emotion and action are ID- Our biological nature, affected by the state of our brain. desire, impulses. -We behave like that because of our Ego- Operates across all three brain and not our mind. levels, mediating between ID and superego. Maurice Merleau-Ponty: The self is Superego- Our ethical embodied subjectivity component or moral constraints. -Existentialist- You create value on + When the ego behaves , the things you choose. superego wins. -He believes that there is unity in our -Your self is your unconscious. mental, physical and emotional disposition; they all affect how we Gilbert Ryle: The self is how.you experience ourselves. behave -Man is all about how he sees himself -Self is defined by your behavior. -Our self is product of our conscious -Self is a pattern of behavior. human experience.  -Rae pagod na intindihin sarili -There is no 100% experience - There's always an objective world and experience world. -Ikaw ang nagbibigay ng halaga sa mga bagay. + The value of things are not inherent; rather, they are shaped by how individuals perceive, experience, and interact with them.