Understanding The Self Modules 4-7 PDF

# Module 4: Understanding The Self - The Sexual Self ## What is Sex? What is Gender? What is Sexuality? ### Sex Refers to biological differences between males, females, and intersex. #### Chromosome - Male: XY - Female: XX - Intersex: XXY #### Hormones - **Testosterone:** Often called the "male...

# Module 4: Understanding The Self - The Sexual Self ## What is Sex? What is Gender? What is Sexuality? ### Sex Refers to biological differences between males, females, and intersex. #### Chromosome - Male: XY - Female: XX - Intersex: XXY #### Hormones - **Testosterone:** Often called the "male hormone". - **Estrogen:** Often called the "female hormone". - **Estradiol:** Acts as a balancing hormone for both testosterone and estrogen. ### Gender Refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. - **Gender roles:** The social and cultural expectations for how people should behave according to their assigned gender. - **Gender identity:** A person's personal and internal sense of oneself as male, female, or other. - **Gender expression:** The way a person physically communicates their gender identity. #### Types of Gender Identity - **Cisgender:** People who identify by conforming and corresponding to their sex at birth. - **Transgender:** A person whose gender identity is different from the sex they were assigned at birth. - **Transsexual:** A person who has permanently changed their body through medical interventions or surgeries. - **Third Gender/Non-Binary/Genderqueer:** A broader term that means someone doesn't identify strictly as male or female. Some people use this to express they feel fluid or flexible in their gender and may embrace a more rebellious or unconventional view of gender. - **Pangender:** People who experience all gender identities simultaneously or over time. - **Agender:** People who do not identify with any gender. - **Gender-Fluid:** People who may fluctuate between presenting as feminine, masculine, neither, or both. - **Neutrois:** Nonbinary gender identity also referred to as gender-neutral, genderless, and agender. #### LGBTQIA+ - **Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Pansexual, Demisexual, +** means all other things. ### Sexuality Is about one's sexual feelings, thoughts, attractions, and behaviors towards other people. ## Sex, Gender, and Sexuality Distinction - **Sex:** biological differences - **Gender:** socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities - **Sexuality:** sexual feelings, thoughts, attractions, and behaviors # References - Macayan, J., Pinugu J. N., & Catillo J. C. (2019). Understanding the Self. C & E Publishing,Inc. - Alata E. J., Cabrera R., & Pawilen R. (2021). A Course Module for Understanding the Self. Rex Book Store, Inc. - Blakemore, E. (2021). From LGBT to LGBTQIA+: The evolving recognition of identity. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/fom-gb-to-gbtia-the-evolving-recognition-of-identity. # Module 5: Understanding The Self - The Material Self ## William James According to William James, understanding the self can be examined through its different components: - **Material self:** Refers to the tangible elements of the self. - Body - Clothes - Immediate family - Home ### Material Self Components - **Body:** Your physical appearance and overall features. It's the most direct representation of who you are in the physical world. - **Clothes:** What you wear can say a lot about your identity. Clothes are a way to express your style, personality, and sometimes even your social status. - **Immediate family:** These are the people closest to you, like your parents or siblings. They are part of your identity and influence who you are. - **Home:** Where you live or grew up is also a big part of your material self. It's the physical space that provides comfort and security. ## Social Self Encompasses your interaction with yourself and other people. - Relatives - Friends - Schoolmates - Workmates ## Spiritual Self Reflects your values, morals, and beliefs. # References - Alata E. J., Cabrera R., & Pawilen R. (2021). A Course Module for Understanding the Self. Rex Book Store, Inc. - Belk, R (n.d.). Possessions and the Extended Self. https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article/15/2/139/1841428 - Macayan, J., Pinugu J. N., & Catillo J. C. (2019). Understanding the Self. C & E Publishing, Inc. - Ruhl, C (2020). William James Biography and Contributions to Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/williamjames.html # Module 6: Understanding The Self - The Emotional Self ## Emotions Reactions that human beings experience in response to events or situations. ### Amygdala Is a small part of the brain, but it has a big job. It's a major processing center for emotions. ## Emotions vs. Feelings - **Emotions:** Biological experience and response. - Physiological - Manifested - Can be produced by thought and memory - Longer present - **Feelings:** Mental portrayal of what's going on in your body when you have an emotion. It's a by-product of your brain perceiving and assigning meaning to the emotion. - Subjective - Experienced consciously - Triggered by external stimuli - Temporary ## Emotional Intelligence The ability to manage both your own emotions and understand the emotions of people around you. # References - Cayanan, J. V., Pinugu, J. N. J., & Castillo, J. C. D. (2019). Understanding the Self: Outcome-based Module. C&E Publishing, Inc. - Alata E. J., Cabrera R., & Pawilen R. (2021). A Course Module for Understanding the Self. Rex Book Store, Inc. - Cherry, K. (2022, February 25). What Are Emotions? Types of Emotions in Psychology. Verywell Mind. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-emotions-2795178 - Hampton, D. (2015, January 12). What's The Difference Between Feelings And Emotions? The Best Brain Possible. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://thebestbrainpossible.com/whats-the-difference-between-feelings-and-emotions/ # Module 7: Understanding The Self - The Spiritual Self ## Spiritual Self It is the *authentic self*, the *unconditioned* part, the *you* without patterns. ## Religion vs. Spirituality - **Religion:** Refers to organized systems of beliefs, rituals, and practices centered around a higher power or deity, with structured communities and doctrines. - **Spirituality:** It is more personal and it's about seeking meaning, connection, and understanding in your own way. ## Kinds of Belief System - **Monism:** The belief that there is no real distinction between God and the universe. - **Polytheism:** The belief in and worship of many gods. - **Monotheism:** The belief in one supreme God. - **Atheism:** The disbelief in or denial of the existence of a personal God. - **Agnosticism:** The belief that God cannot be known. ## World Religions and Belief System - **Buddhism:** Teaches that life is full of suffering, but there's a way to overcome it. - **Christianity:** Centers on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God. - **Hinduism:** One of the oldest religions, with a rich tapestry of beliefs and practices. - **Islam:** Based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and emphasizes submission to one God (Allah). - **Judaism:** One of the oldest monotheistic religions, focusing on the covenant between God and the Jewish people. # References - Cayanan, J. V., Pinugu, J. N. J., & Castillo, J. C. D. (2019). Understanding the Self: Outcome-based Module. Quezon City, Philippines: C&E Publishing, Inc. - Alata E. J., Cabrera R., & Pawilen R. (2021). A Course Module for Understanding the Self. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc. - Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Introduction to world religions. Introduction to Sociology. https://www.scribd.com/document/473256676/IWRBS-Q1-Modl-Worldviews-Belief-Systems-and-Religion-pdf - Miller, K. (2020). "The Science of Spirituality: 16 Tips to Build Your Spiritual Practice." https://positivepsychology.com/science-of-spirituality.