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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'physical self' refer to?
The body and its functions, including both physical extremities and internal organs.
Which stage of life is defined as the period from birth to 2 weeks of life?
What are the two factors that affect physical growth?
Ectomorphic individuals are perceived as sociable and easy-going.
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Match the following body types with their descriptions:
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What does body image refer to?
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At what stage does adolescence begin?
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Study Notes
Physical Self
- The physical self encompasses the body, including both physical extremities and internal organs.
- Body functions, such as breathing, walking, eating, and sleeping, are performed with varying efficiency throughout an individual's lifespan.
- Physical efficiency peaks during early adulthood between the ages of 20-30 and gradually declines throughout middle age.
Lifespan
- Lifespan refers to the development of an individual from conception to death.
- Elizabeth Bergner Hurlock identified distinct stages within the lifespan:
- Prenatal (Fertilization to Birth)
- Infancy (Birth to 2 Weeks)
- Babyhood (2 Weeks to 2nd Year)
- Early Childhood (2 to 6 Years)
- Late Childhood (6 to 10 or 12 Years)
- Puberty (10 or 12 to 14 Years)
- Adolescence (14 to 18 Years)
- Early Adulthood (18 to 40 Years)
- Middle Adulthood (40 to 60 Years)
- Late Adulthood / Senescence (60 Years to Death)
Adolescence
- Adolescence marks the onset of puberty, characterized by rapid changes, including the maturation of the reproductive system.
Factors Affecting Physical Growth
- Heredity: The biological process of inheriting traits from parents.
- Environment: The factors an individual is exposed to throughout life, including learning and experiences. Significant factors include diet, nutrition, and diseases.
Theories of Physical Self
- Physiognomy: Suggests that physical characteristics (facial features, expressions, body structures) can be linked to a person's character or personality.
- Five Element Theory: Utilizes elements (water, wood, fire, earth, metal) as archetypes for natural world phenomena.
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Hippocrates' Humoral Theory: Based on the prominence of body fluids.
- Sanguine: Red bile; impulsive, cheerful, optimistic.
- Melancholic: Black bile; depressed, pessimistic.
- Choleric: Yellow bile; easily angered, jumpy, temperamental.
- Phlegmatic: Excess phlegm; sluggish, dull, slow.
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Body-Type Theory (William Sheldon):
- Endomorphic: Soft, plump; easy-going, sociable.
- Mesomorphic: Strong muscular; energetic, courageous, adventurous, assertive.
- Ectomorphic: Tall, thin; restrained, quiet, introverted.
Facial Features and Personality
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The Wisdom of Your Face (Jean Haner):
- Oval-shaped faces: Hospitable, tactful.
- Round-shaped faces: Kindhearted, friendly, selfless.
- Square-shaped faces: Witty, analytical, great leaders.
- Heart-shaped faces: Patient, intuitive.
- Long-shaped faces: Perfectionists, aggressive.
- Triangle-shaped faces: Creative, artistic, sensitive, determined.
- Diamond-shaped faces: Very detail-oriented, likes to be in control.
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Other Observations:
- Full, thick eyebrows: Confident, assertive, goal-oriented.
- Large or defined jaws: Strong values, firm beliefs.
- Long, angular-shaped faces: Responsive, assertive, genuine (Squier and Mew, 1981).
- Short, square-shaped faces: Restrained, conforming, shrewd (Squier and Mew, 1981).
Body Image
- Refers to an individual's perception, thoughts, and feelings about their body and physical appearance.
- Plays a significant role in self-esteem.
- Impacts both physical and psychological well-being, particularly during adolescence.
Appearance
- Appearance encompasses all observable aspects of a person, including height, weight, skin color, clothing, and hairstyle.
- Appearance allows individuals to express their personal identity to others.
- The timing of puberty significantly influences adolescent feelings about themselves and how others perceive them.
- Adolescents frequently express concerns about different body parts.
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Description
Explore the physical self and its relationship to lifespan development in this informative quiz. Understand the stages of life as identified by Elizabeth Bergner Hurlock, from prenatal to late adulthood. Test your knowledge about how physical efficiency and body functions change over time.
