Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions.pdf

Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions :- 1. The renal sinus is: An internal cavity lined by fibrous capsule A large branch o...

Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions :- 1. The renal sinus is: An internal cavity lined by fibrous capsule A large branch of the renal pelvis The innermost layer of kidney tissue A conical structure located in the rental medulla 2. The part of the kidney that consists of 6-18 distinct conical or Dr. Wagde M. Ismail triangular structures (renal pyramids) is the Renal medulla Renal cortex Renal sinus Renal papilla 3. The urinary system synthesizes calcitriol, a hormone derivative of vitamin D3 that stimulates calcium ion absorption by the intestinal epithelium. False True 4. The loop of Henley is an endocrine structure that secretes two hormones. renin and erythropoietin. False True 5. The total number of kidney nephrons drops by 60-70% between the ages 25 and 85. False True 6. The female urethra lining is usually a transitional epithelium near the urinary bladder; the rest is usually a stratified squamous epithelium. True False 7. Urinary tract infections result from the colonization of the urinary tract by bacteria or fungal invaders. False True 1 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 8. Each kidney receives blood from: Arrerent arterioles Interlobar veins Renal artery Renal vein Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 9. Urination results from an involuntary and voluntary response. This process is called the: Maturation reflex Glomerular filtration rate Kidney process Prostate reflex 10. The ureters and urinary bladders are lined by: Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Transitional epithelium 11. Urine production occurs in the renal lobes, and ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine into a cup-shaped drain, called a renal pelvis. False True 12. The higher the levels of circulating ADH. the greater the amount of water reabsorbed and the more concentrated the urine. False True 13. Inflammation of the walls of the renal pelvis due to bacterial infection is pyelitis. False True 14. Problems with the maturation reflex in older adults include: Increased sensitivity to ADH Urinary retention in males because of prostate enlargement 2 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 Increased retention of sodium ions Increased tone In the sphincter muscles, preventing easy emptying of the bladder 15. The urinary system regulates plasma concentrations by (a) adjusting the volume of water lost in the urine, (b) releasing erythropoietin, and (C) releasing renin. False Dr. Wagde M. Ismail True 16. The presence of kidney stones is: Dysuria Nephrolitiasis Cystitis Incontinence 17. The urinary system does all of the following EXCEPT: Secrete excess glucose modules Contribute to stabilizing blood pH Regulates blood volume Eliminates organic waste products 18. What is the kidney’s response to increased fluid intake? Secretes renin Increases urine output Secretes erythropoietin Produces aldosterone 19. What hollow muscular organ serves as a storage reservoir for urine? Urethra Kidney Bladder Spleen 20. Which of the following maintains the shape of the kidney and provides mechanical protection? Renal fascia Adipose capsule 3 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 Renal sinus Renal capsule 21. The outermost covering of the kidney is the _____. A) Cortex B) Medulla C) Pelvis D) Capsule 22. The kidneys are located in the _____ space. A) Pelvic cavity B) Peritoneal cavity C) Abdominal D) Retro-peritoneal Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 23. The entrance into the kidney is called the _____. A) Sinus B) Column C) Hilum D) Pyramid 24. Which structure is the first to collect the urine? A) Pelvis B) Calyx C) Ureter D) Urethra 25. Each minor calyx receives urine from the _____. A) Renal papillae B) Pelvis C) Ureter D) Columns 26. The renal pyramids are located within the _____. A) Column B) Cortex C) Medulla D) Pelvis 27. The striated appearance of the pyramids is caused by _____. A) Parallel blood vessels B) Micro-tubules C) Connective tissue D) Nerve fibers 28. The kidney secretes ___ for the purpose of stimulating bone marrow activity. A) Renin B) Aldosterone C) Erythropoietin D) Somatomedin 29. The kidney secretes ___, which is an enzyme-hormone that raises blood pressure. A) Aldosterone B) Renin C) Angiotensinogen D) Angiotensin II 30. Uric acid results from _____ metabolism. A) Protein B) Carbohydrate C) Purine D) Pyrimidine 31. Renal secretion of a compound usually occurs from the _____ into the distal convoluted tubule. A) Loop of Henle B) Glomerulus 4 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 C) Vasa recta D) Peritubular capillaries 32. Which of these is not usually secreted by the kidneys? A) Creatine B) Creatinine C) H + D) Penicillin 33. The compound used to assess the function of the kidney at the level of the glomerulus is _____. Dr. Wagde M. Ismail A) Creatinine B) Insulin C) Para-aminohippuric acid D) Creatine 34. Which of these could appear in the urine from dieting or the utilization of excess lipids? A) Urea B) Uric acid C) Glycine D) Ketone 35. Vigorous exercise could release high amounts of _____ into the urine. A) Glucose B) Uric acid C) Albumin D) Ascorbic acid 36. What causes urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder? A) Gravity B) Hydrostatic pressure C) Peristalsis D) Osmotic pressure 37. Renal calculi are usually comprised of the following except which one? A) Calcium oxalate B) Cholesterol C) Uric acid D) Magnesium phosphate 38. The mucosa of the bladder is comprised of _____. A) Smooth muscle B) Squamous epithelium C) Transitional epithelium D) Simple columnar epithelium 39. Which of these is under voluntary control? A) Urethra B) Detrusor muscle C) Internal sphincter D) External sphincter 40. The micturition reflex is centered in the _____. A) Medulla B) Sacral cord C) Hypothalamus D) Lumbar cord 41. What is the function of the renal system? A) Maintain blood pH B) Regulate blood pressure 5 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 C) Control blood concentration D) All of these 42. How much of the cardiac output passes through the kidneys? A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 65% 43. Which blood vessel delivers blood to the cortex? A) Interlobular artery B) Arcuate artery C) Interlobar artery D) Efferent arteriole Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 44. The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and _____. A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Bowman’s capsule C) Loop of Henle D) Distal convoluted tubule 45. Which section of the nephron is after the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? A) Descending limb of the loop B) Proximal convoluted tubule C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct 46. The countercurrent multiplier mechanism occurs at the _____. A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting ducts 47. The fluid in the descending limb of the loop of Henle is _____ relative to the capillaries. A) Isotonic B) Weakly hypotonic C) Strongly hypotonic D) Hypertonic 48. The function of the countercurrent multiplier is to _____. A) Increase the concentration of NaCl B) Decrease the concentration of NaCl C) Change the blood levels of potassium D) Conserve potassium 49. What affect does ADH have on urine output? A) Minimal B) Increases C) Decreases D) Maintains 50. Where does ADH have its greatest effect? A) Loop of Henle B) Proximal convoluted tubule C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Glomerulus 6 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 51. The last part of a nephron is the _____. A) Collecting Duct B) Renal papilla C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Glomerulus 52. Which area actually secretes renin into the blood? A) Macula densa B) Juxtaglomerular apparatus C) Juxtaglomerular cells D) Cortical nephron 53. Which blood vessel conveys blood out of the nephron? Dr. Wagde M. Ismail A) Efferent arteriole B) Vasa recta C) Peritubular capillary D) Interlobular vein 54. Which blood vessels surround the loops of Henle? A) Vasa recta B) Peritubular capillaries C) Interlobular arteries D) Efferent arterioles 55. Which of the following are not found in the glomerular filtrate? A) Glucose B) Protein C) Uric acid D) Creatinine 56. Which muscle metabolism waste product is eliminated by the kidneys? A) Urea B) Uric acid C) Creatine D) Creatinine 57. Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine? A) Glucose B) Sodium C) Uric acid D) Phosphate 58. Which ion is reabsorbed in exchange for sodium? A) Chloride B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Magnesium 59. What is the average glomerular filtration rate? A) 10 L per day B) 180 L per day C) 1,500 ml per day D) 1 ml per minute 60. Which of the following is usually not found in the urine? A) Magnesium B) Urea C) Uric acid D) Glucose 61. How much urine is formed in 24 hours? 7 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 A) 12 liters B) 100 ml C) 1.5 L D) 3,000 cc 62. Renin acts on _____ to convert it to angiotensin I. A) Angiotensin II B) Angiotensinogen C) ACE D) Aldosterone 63. The targets of angiotensin II are blood vessels and _____. Dr. Wagde M. Ismail A) Nerves B) Adrenal cortex C) Adrenal medulla D) Kidney nephron 64. Tubular re-absorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the _____. A) Loop of Henle B) Peritubular capillaries C) Renal corpuscle D) Renal pyramid 65. Most tubular re-absorption occurs at the _____. A) Loop of Henle B) Distal convoluted tubule C) Proximal convoluted tubule D) Glomerulus 66. Where are most micro-villi found? A) Loop of Henle B) Distal convoluted tubule C) Loop of Henle D) Proximal convoluted tubule 67. Which of the following occurred by active transport? A) Albumin in the urine B) Creatinine in the urine C) Re-absorption of water at the proximal tubule D) Re-absorption of amino acids 68. Which of these does not operate under a renal threshold mechanism? A) Creatinine B) Ascorbic acid C) Sodium D) Citric acid 69. The action of aldosterone is to increase _____. A) Sodium elimination B) Sodium reabsorption C) Potassium reabsorption D) Chloride excretion 70. How much sodium is actively reabsorbed by the proximal segment of the nephron? A) 10% B) 1% C) 70% D) 99% 8 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail  Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 06/02/2024 71. Eating large amounts of meat will increase the levels of _____ in the blood. A) Protein B) Creatinine C) Urea D) Uric acid Dr. Wagde M. Ismail 9 ‫الصفحة‬ Dr. Wagde M. Ismail