Upper Limb II - Elbow to Hand Part 1 PDF

24/11/23 Upper limb II- elbow to hand: part 1 Learning objective: recall the major landmarks of the humorous, radius and ulnar including the ligaments. Learning objective: demonstrate the structure and movements of the elbow joint. Bones of the upper limb: 1. Arm proper ( contains the humerus ). I 2...

24/11/23 Upper limb II- elbow to hand: part 1 Learning objective: recall the major landmarks of the humorous, radius and ulnar including the ligaments. Learning objective: demonstrate the structure and movements of the elbow joint. Bones of the upper limb: 1. Arm proper ( contains the humerus ). I 2. Forearm ( contains the radius and ulna ). 3. Hand ( 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpals in the palm and 14 phalanges 2 in the digits ). Elbow joint: Radius is aligned with the thumb. coronoid radial fossa FOSSA medial lateral epicondyle epicondyle capitum Neck Radial Head tuberosity trochlea Ulna: trochlear notch olecranon coronoid Process radial notch Elbow joint: Complex joint involving three separate articulations: 1. Bet ween the capitulum and the head of the radius. 2. Bet ween trochlea of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna. 3. Bet ween the radius head and the radial notch. 1/2 allow exion and extension. 3 allows pronation and supination. Stability of the elbow joint: Fibrous membrane of the joint to contribute to the stability. Thickened medially and laterally to form the collateral ligaments. The annular ligament reinforces laterally. Holds the radius and ulna in place together. Radial collateral ligament gya Meny Yateral ligament Pronation/ supination: Distally, the ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the convex surface of the head of the ulna. Bones held together during this movement by the articular disc at the distal radio-ulnar joint and the interosseus membrane. interosseous membrane ulnar notch Muscles of pronation and supination: Two muscles supinate the hand: biceps brachii and supinator. Pronation is anterior to posterior Two muscles pronate the hand: pronator teres and pronator quadratus. Biceps Brachii Supinator Pronator Teres Pronator quadratus Pronation: Pronator teres: Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion: lateral surface of the radius midway along the shaft. Pronator quadratus: Origin: anterior surface of the distal end of the ulna. Insertion: anterior surface of the distal end of the radius. As muscles contract, the distal end of the radius is pulled over the ulna. This causes the tendon of biceps brachii and the supinator muscle to become wrapped around the proximal end of the radius. When these muscles contract they unwrap from the bone, producing supination. Supination pronated